HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building
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The HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building (officially HSBC Main Building) is located along the southern side of Statue Square, in Central, at the location of the old City Hall, Hong Kong (built 1869, demolished 1933). The previous HSBC building was built in 1935 and demolished to make way for the current building. The address remains as 1 Queen's Road Central, Central. The building can be reached by a 5-minute walk from Exit K of Central MTR Station or from the Star Ferry Pier.
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[edit] History
The first HSBC (then known as the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank) building was Wardley House, used as HSBC office between 1865 to 1882 on the present site. It was demolished and rebuilt in 1886; main feature of the second building design was the division of the structure into two almost separate buildings. On Queen's Road Central was Victorian style with colonnade and the octagonal dome whereas the arcade which harmonized with the adjacent buildings was constructed on Des Voeux Road; the second building was demolished and rebuilt in 1935; the third building use part of the land of the old City Hall; the Chicago school style third building for a period of time after completion it had been the tallest building between San Francisco and Cairo.
By the 1970s the bank had outgrown its headquarters; departments were scattered into offices all over Central Hong Kong, and it was obvious that such a "solution" to the space limitations could not continue indefinitely. In 1978 the bank decided to tear down its headquarters and rebuild it again.
The building was finished on November 18, 1985. At the time, it was the most expensive building in the world (c.a.HK$5.2 billion, roughly US$668 million).
The first major addition to the building was completed on November 23, 2006. The addition was in the form of a ground floor lobby which improves security access to the upper floors, and the installation of an Asian History Wall- a multimedia installation comprising of twin banks of 30 plasma screens (the largest installation of its kind in Hong Kong).
[edit] Design
The new building was designed by the British architect Norman Foster. From the concept to completion, it took 6 years (1979-1985). The building is 180-metres high with 47 storeys and four basement levels. The building has a module design consisting of five steel modules prefabricated in the UK by Scott-Lithgow Shipbuilders near Glasgow, and shipped to Hong Kong. 30,000 tonnes of steel and 4,500 tonnes of aluminium were used. It was an urban legend that the building's modular design enables it to be dismantled and moved, if there was any possibility of a disrupted handover to the People's Republic of China.
The new lobby and the Asian History Wall were designed by Greg Pearce, of One Space Limited. Pearce was the Principle Architect of the Hong Kong Airport Express (MTR) station. Conceived as a minimalist glass envelope, the design of the new lobby is deferential to Foster's original and appears almost to be part of the original.
The building is also one of the few to not have elevators as the primary carrier of building traffic. Instead, elevators only stop every few floors, and floors are interconnected by escalators.
[edit] Characteristics
The main characteristic of HSBC Hong Kong headquarters is its absence of internal supporting structure.
Another notable feature is that natural sunlight is the major source of lighting inside the building. There is a bank of giant mirrors at the top of the atrium, which can reflect natural sunlight into the atrium and hence down into the plaza. Through the use of natural sunlight, this design helps to conserve energy. Additionally, sun shades are provided on the external facades to block direct sunlight going into the building and to reduce heat gain. Instead of fresh water, sea water is used as coolant for the air-conditioning system.
All flooring is made from lightweight movable panels, under which you can find a comprehensive network of power, telecommunication, and air-conditioning systems. Hence installation of equipment or computer terminals becomes far easier.
Because of the urgency to finish the project, the construction of the building relied heavily on off-site prefabrication; components were manufactured all over the world. For example, the structural steel came from Britain; the glass, aluminium cladding and flooring came from the United States while the service modules came from Japan.
The inverted ‘va’ segments of the suspension trusses spanning the construction at double-height levels is the most obvious characteristic of the building. It consists of eight groups of four aluminium-clad steel columns which ascend from the foundations up through the core structure, and five levels of triangular suspension trusses which are locked into these masts.
[edit] Feng Shui
The early British settlers in Hong Kong had an interest in Feng Shui, thus, most of the earliest buildings in Hong Kong and many buildings constructed thereafter were built with the philosophies of Feng Shui in mind. The Chinese and even the British believe that those who have a direct view of a body of water, whether it is a river, a sea or an ocean, are more likely to prosper than those who do not (water is strongly associated with wealth in Fung Shui terms). The HSBC building has a wide open area (the Statue Square) in front of it, with no other buildings blocking its view of Victoria Harbour; thus, it is considered to have "good feng shui".
Even though the Hong Kong Government is proposing extending the existing coastline further out into the harbour in its latest land reclamation project, it will still set aside space so that no new developments will block the HSBC Building's view of the harbour. (It has been said that the HSBC is guaranteed its view of the harbour by the government in an agreement.)
[edit] Lion statues
Two bronze lion statues are located behind the building. The statues were cast in Shanghai in 1935 and brought to Hong Kong. Like the other statues of Statue Square, the two lion statues were displaced to Japan for melting by the then Japanese administration during World War II. They were rediscovered at the end of the war there, and brought back to their original location. Bullet impacts from the Battle of Hong Kong in WWII are still visible on the statues. One of the lion statues had a small explosive embedded in it and was only discovered and removed by police's explosive unit in the early 1990s.
From a "Feng Shui" point of view, the two bronze lion statues in front of the HSBC headquarter are believed to contribute to the steady revenue of the bank. Although even in Asia, not every architect believes in Feng Shui, most of their customers do.
The original pair of lions are kept at a museum in Shanghai. The lions at HSBC Hong Kong Headquarters are the second pair. A third pair is kept in HSBC Headquarters in London, and a fourth pair is located at its branch in Shanghai.
The left lion - the one with the mouth open - is named Stephen, after the general manager of Hong Kong branch A. G. Stephen; and the right is named Stitt, after the general manager of Shanghai branch at the time.
See also: Imperial guardian lions
[edit] Lighting scheme
In 2003, the Hong Kong Tourism Board developed a harbour lighting plan called "A Symphony of Lights" [1], a large-scale multimedia show featuring lighting, laser, music, and occasionally special pyrotechnics effects during festivals, in order to promote tourism in Hong Kong. The show is based on the illumination of key buildings on the Hong Kong Island side, and is best viewed from the Kowloon side across the Victoria Harbour. The HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building is one of the participating buildings in the show. The building has been installed with 716 intelligent lighting units, including 450 Martin Professional Cyclo 03 colour changing fluorescent fixtures in the glass stairwells, Martin Professional Exterior 600's and Exterior 200 fixtures on five levels, 8 search lights, and over one kilometre of LED lighting around the top. Completed by mid-December 2003, the cost of installation is estimated to be HK$5.5 million.
Intelligent lighting is distributed across six sections of the building:
- Vertical Ladder Trusses
- Exoskeleton: Inner + Outer
- Refuge Floors
- Northwest Stairwell
- Eastern Stairwells
- Roof Building Maintenance Units
HSBC has always aimed to adopt a new lighting scheme because Foster did not pay much attention to the illumination of the building at nighttime.
[edit] See also
- List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong
- Economy of Hong Kong
- HSBC Centre in Tai Kok Tsui, Kowloon
[edit] External links
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