Horma
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The horma was a tribute paid by subservient tribes to their protectors in traditional Sahrawi-Moorish society in today's Mauritania and Western Sahara in North Africa. The relatively high-caste zawiya tribes, whose role in society was to attend to religious matters, would pay it for armed protection to Hassane warrior tribes; the low-caste znaga tribes would pay it to their respective masters. The forms and rates of horma varied throughout the region and through history, and was normally dependent on the relations of strength between the tribes involved. It was paid in cattle, goods or services
[edit] Further reading
- Hodges, Tony (1983), Western Sahara: The Roots of a Desert War, Lawrence Hill Books (ISBN 0-88208-152-7)
- Mercer, John (1976), Spanish Sahara, George Allen & Unwid Ltd (ISBN 0-04-966013-6)
- Pazzanita, Anthony G. and Hodge, Tony (1994), Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara, Scarecrow Press (ISBN 0-8108-2661-5)
- Thompson, Virginia and Adloff, Richard (1980), The Western Saharans. Background to Conflict, Barnes & Noble Books (ISBN 0-389-20148-0)
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