Hochmeister
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Hochmeister (German: high master) was the holder of the supreme office, equivalent to a Superior general in a non-military religious order, of the Teutonic Order. This title was only used in the Teutonic Order. The typical title of the supreme head in various orders of knighthood is Grand Master (Großmeister in German).
An early version of the full title in Latin was "Magister Hospitalis Sancte Marie Alemannorum Jerosolimitani". Since 1216, the full title Magister Hospitalis Domus Sancte Marie Theutonicorum Jerosolimitani ("Master of the Hospital House of St. Mary of the Germans at Jerusalem") was used.
The historically most significant time were the Knights' Northern Crusades in the Baltic and their -in fact highly militarized- Monastic State of the Teutonic Order (Ordenstaat) which lasted for nearly 300 years until 1525.
From 1530-1929 the leader of the Teutonic Order was known as the Hoch- und Deutschmeister after the combining of the titles Hochmeister and Deutschmeister by Emperor Charles V; for centuries the "Jägerregiment Wien" of the Military of Austria was known as the "Hoch und Deutschmeister Regiment".
Contents |
[edit] List of Hochmeisters of the Teutonic Order
[edit] Hochmeisters of the early Brotherhood 1190 - 1198
The Teutonic Order as a hospice brotherhood in the Holy Land:
- 1190-1192 Meister Sibrand
- 1192-1193/4 Gerard
- 1193/4-1195 Heinrich, prior
- 1195-1196 Ulrich
- 1196-1198 Heinrich, preceptor (probably identified with Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim)
[edit] Hochmeisters of the Order 1198 - 1525
The Teutonic Order as a spiritual military order:
- 1198–1200 Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim
- 1200–1206 Otto von Kerpen
- 1206–1209 Heinrich von Tunna
- 1209–1239 Hermann von Salza
- 1239–1240 Konrad von Thüringen
- 1241–1244 Gerhard von Malberg
- 1244–1249 Heinrich von Hohenlohe
- 1249–1252 Günther von Wüllersleben
- 1252–1257 Poppo von Osterna
- 1253 - ? Wilhelm von Urenbach - chosen in opposition to Poppo von Osterna
- 1257–1274 Hanno von Sangershausen
- 1274–1283 Hartmann von Heldrungen
- 1283–1290 Burkhard von Schwanden
- 1290–1297 Konrad von Feuchtwangen
- 1297–1302 Gottfried von Hohenlohe
- 1302–1310 Siegfried von Feuchtwangen
- 1311–1324 Karl Bessart von Trier
- 1324–1330 Werner von Orseln
- 1331–1335 Luther von Braunschweig, aka Lothar
- 1335–1341 Dietrich von Altenburg
- 1342–1345 Ludolf König
- 1345–1351 Heinrich Dusemer
- 1351–1382 Winrich von Kniprode
- 1382–1390 Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein
- 1391–1393 Konrad von Wallenrode
- 1393–1407 Konrad von Jungingen
- 1407–1410 Ulrich von Jungingen
- 1410–1413 Heinrich von Plauen
- 1414–1422 Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg
- 1423–1440 Paul von Rusdorf website
- 1441–1449 Konrad von Erlichshausen
- 1450–1467 Ludwig von Erlichshausen
- 1467–1470 Heinrich Reuß von Plauen
- 1470–1477 Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg
- 1477–1489 Martin Truchsess von Wetzhausen
- 1489–1497 Johann von Tiefen
- 1497–1510 Friedrich of Saxony
- 1510–1525 Albrecht Hohenzollern von Brandenburg-Ansbach
Albert converted to Lutheranism and turned the Ordenstaat into secular, Lutheran Ducal Prussia.
[edit] Hoch- und Deutschmeister 1530 - 1929
The Teutonic Order was still a spiritual military order, but had lost control over their former state in Prussia though. Due to being limited to their possessions in other parts of Germany, which were led by the Deutschmeister, both titles were combined
- 1527–1543 Walter von Cronberg (during his term the title Deutschmeister was merged in)
- Wolfgang Schutzbar 1543–1566
- Georg Hundt von Weckheim 1566–1572
- Heinrich von Bobenhausen 1572–1590
- Maximilian of Austria Habsburg 1590–1618
- Karl I of Austria 1619–1624
- Johann Eustach von Westernach 1625–1627
- Johann Kaspar von Stadion 1627–1641
- Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria 1641–1662
- Karl Josef of Austria 1662–1664
- Johann Caspar von Ampringen 1664–1684
- Ludwig Anton of Palatinate–Neuburg 1685–1694
- Ludwig Franz of Palatinate–Neuburg 1694–1732
- Clemens August of Bavaria 1732–1761
- Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine 1761–1780
- Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria 1780–1801
- Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria 1801–1804
- Anton Viktor of Austria 1804–1835 (office becomes hereditary to Imperial House of Austria)
- Maximilian of Austria–Este 1835–1863
- Wilhelm Franz Karl of Austria 1863–1894
- Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard of Austria 1894–1923 (end of hereditary status)
- Dr. Norbert Klein 1923–1933
[edit] 1929 - present-day
Time of the Teutonic Order as a clerical Roman Catholic religious order
- Dr. Norbert Klein 1923–1933
- Paul Heider 1933–1936
- Robert Schälzky 1936–1948
- Dr. Marian Tumler 1948–1970
- Ildefons Pauler 1970–1988
- Dr. Arnold Othmar Wieland 1988–2000
- Dr. Bruno Platter 2000–present
[edit] External links
- List on order's homepage in Germany (German)
- List on order's homepage in Austria (German)
