History of mass spectrometry

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1 Timeline
2 See also
3 External links
4 References

[edit] Timeline

[edit] 19th century

1886

1898

Wilhelm Wien demonstrates that canal rays can be deflected using strong electric and magnetic fields. He shows that the mass-to-charge ratio of the particles have opposite polarity and is much larger compared to the electron. He also realizes that the particle mass is similar to the one of hydrogen particle.

1898

Joseph John Thomson measures the mass-to-charge ratio of electrons.

[edit] 20th century

1901

Walter Kaufmann uses a mass spectrometer to measure the relativistic mass increase of electrons.

1905

Joseph John Thomson begins his study of positive rays.

1906

Thomson is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"

1913

Thomson is able to separate particles of different mass-to-charge ratios. He separates the Ne20 and the Ne22 isotopes, and he correctly identifies the m/q = 11 Th signal as a doubly charged Ne22 particle. [1]

1919

Francis Aston constructs the first velocity focusing mass spectrograph with mass resolving power of 130.

1922

Aston is awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule."

1931

Ernest O. Lawrence invents the cyclotron.

1934

Josef Mattauch and Richard Herzog develop the double-focusing mass spectrograph.

1936

Arthur J. Dempster develops the spark ionization source.

1937

Aston constructs a mass spectrograph with resolving power of 2000.

1939

Lawrence receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for the cyclotron.

1942

Lawrence develops the Calutron for uranium isotope separation.

1946

William Stephens presents the concept of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

1956

Fred McLafferty proposes a hydrogen transfer reaction that will come to be known as the McLafferty rearrangement.

1959

Researchers at Dow Chemical interface a gas chromatograph to a mass spectrometer.

1966

Chemical ionization is developed.

1968

Malcolm Dole develops electrospray ionization.

1974

Comisarow and Marshall develop Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

1976

Ronald MacFarlane and co-workers develop plasma desorption mass spectrometry.

1984

John Fenn and co-workers use electrospray to ionize biomolecules.

1985

Franz Hillenkamp, Michael Karas and co-workers describe and coin the term matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI).

1987

Koichi Tanaka uses the “ultra fine metal plus liquid matrix method” to ionize intact proteins.

1989

Wolfgang Paul receives the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the development of the ion trap technique"

1999

Alexander Makarov presents the Orbitrap mass spectrometer [2].

[edit] 21st century

2002

John Fenn and Koichi Tanaka are awarded one-quarter of the Nobel Prize in chemistry each "for the development of soft desorption ionisation methods ... for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules."