History of North Carolina State University

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The North Carolina General Assembly founded North Carolina State University (NC State) in 1887 as a land-grant college under the name North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. As a land-grant college, NC State would provide a “liberal and practical education” while focusing on military tactics, agriculture and the mechanical arts without excluding classical studies. Since its founding, the university has maintained these objectives while building on them.

After opening its doors in 1889, NC State saw its enrollment fluctuate and its mandate expand. Due to the Great Depression, the North Carolina government administratively combined the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Women’s College at Greensboro, and NC State. This conglomeration later became the University of North Carolina system in 1971. After World War II, the university has constantly grown and changed.

Currently, NC State has over 7,000 employees, over 30,000 students, an $820 million annual budget, and a $380 million endowment. It is also widely recognized as one of the three anchors of North Carolina's Research Triangle, together with Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.^[1]

[edit] Founding: 1862-1889

Although established in 1887, the North Carolina State University story begins in 1862 when President Lincoln signed the federal Morrill Land-Grant Act. This Act created endowments that were to be used in the establishment of colleges that would provide a “liberal and practical education” while focusing on military tactics, agriculture and the mechanical arts without excluding classical studies.

North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts with President Alexander Q. Holladay, faculty, and first freshman class posing in front of the college's main building (later named Holladay Hall). Date: 1890

During Reconstruction, North Carolina allocated its endowment to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. For two decades that university received $7,500 annually from the endowment. In the mid 1880s both state farmers and business leaders claimed that the Chapel Hill’s elitist education did not meet the mandate set forth by the Morrill Land-Grant Act. On March 7, 1887 the North Carolina General Assembly authorized the establishment of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The state also budgeted money for the new college and transferred North Carolina's land-grant endowment to it as well. R. Stanhope Pullen gave land towards the establishment of the new college in Raleigh. Construction began on the Main Building (now called Holladay Hall) in 1888 and the college formally opened on October 3, 1889. ^{[2] [3] [4]}

First freshman class at North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1889.

[edit] Early years: 1889-1945

Between 1889 to the end of World War I, the college experienced growth and expansion of purpose. Along with United State Department of Agriculture, State College created the Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs in 1909 (which later became 4-H in 1926). In 1914 the federal Smith-Lever Act enabled the university to establish state, county, and local extension programs. These two new programs allowed the university’s knowledge resources to directly benefit the people of North Carolina, not just those students who walked its halls. By 1918 the college had an enrollment over 700 students and it had a new name—North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering. ^[5]

By the end of World War I, State College experienced many institutional changes and fluctuating enrollment. In the 1920s, many of the university’s educational units were organized into schools (e.g. School of Agriculture, Textile School…). In 1920 enrollment reached 1,000 and by 1929 enrollment doubled to 2,000. In 1927, the first women graduated from the university.

The Great Depression brought many challenges to State College when economic hardships caused enrollment to suffer. To address issues institutional inefficiencies, the State of North Carolina established the Consolidated University of North Carolina in 1931. This administratively combined the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Women’s College at Greensboro, and State College. This move also brought another name – North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina. The Consolidated University of North Carolina lasted until 1972 when it was remade into the University of North Carolina system. By 1937 enrollment rebounded to over 2,000, but World War II caused enrollment to drop below 1,000.

[edit] Expansion: 1945–present

The strutting wolf ("Tuffy") logo, designed by a student in the early 1970s and modernized in 2006, is widely recognized as a symbol of NC State.

After the end of World War II, State College experienced rapid growth due to the G.I. Bill. By 1947 enrollment was over 5,000 and the university expanded to accommodate the new students. The 1950s saw many building projects and national recognition of its academic programs. The period also saw the first admission of African-Americans.

In 1962, administrators tried to change State College to North Carolina State University, but Governor Terry Sanford and other UNC system officials proposed The University of North Carolina at Raleigh for consistency. Faculty, students and alumni immediately launched a bitter opposition campaign, arguing that the name would cause the university to lose its identity and to appear to be a branch of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The name was never adopted. Instead the General Assembly changed the name to North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina at Raleigh in 1963. Not satisfied, protest and letter writing campaigns continued until 1965 when the university received the present name North Carolina State University at Raleigh. Convention ignores the "at Raleigh" part of the name, but it is still in the official name.

In 1966 single year enrollment reached 10,000. The 1970s saw enrollment surpass 19,000 and the addition of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. NC State celebrated its centennial in 1987 and reorganized its internal structure renaming all its schools to colleges (e.g. School of Engineering to the College of Engineering). Also in this year, it gained 700 acres of land that would later become the Centennial Campus. Over the next decade and a half, NC State has focused on developing its new Centennial Campus. Over $620 million has been invested in facilities and infrastructure at the new campus with 2.7 million square feet of space being constructed. There are 61 private and government agency partners located here as well. ^{[6] [7][8]}

Currently, NC State has over 7,000 employees, over 30,000 students, an $820 million annual budget, and a $380 million endowment. It is also widely recognized as one of the three anchors of North Carolina's Research Triangle, together with Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.^[9]

[edit] Notes and references