Himno Nacional de Chile
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The Himno Nacional de Chile is the National Anthem of Chile. It is also known as Canción Nacional (National Song). It has a history of two lyrics and two melodies that made up three different versions. It was composed by Eusebio Lillo and Ramón Carnicer and has six parts plus the chorus.
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[edit] First National Anthem
The first Chilean National Anthem dates back to 1819, when the government called for, on the 19th of July, the creation of music and lyrics for this purpose.
The composer Manuel Robles and the poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado fulfilled this mandate and their "National Song" debuted on the 20th of August, 1820 in the Domingo Arteaga theater, although other historians claim that it was played and sung during the festivities of September 1819.
In the beginning, everyone would stand for the song. O'Higgins and Freire listened to it with respect and full of emotion, for they had marched to victory to its tune more than once.
The custom of always singing it at the theater slowly disappeared, until it was ordered that it only be sung at the anniversary of the country.
The doctor Bernardo Vera, known in the history of the independence, was the author of the verses that were sung to Robles' music.
This first hymn was sung until 1828, when it was replaced with what is sung today.
[edit] Second National Anthem
The second Chilean National Anthem was composed by the Spanish composer Ramón Carnicer, when he was exiled in England because of his liberal ideas. Mariano Egaña, Chilean Minister in London, acting on the criticism that Robles' song was receiving, asked Carnicer to compose a new hymn with Bernardo de Vera's original text.
The Spanish musician probably wrote the work by 1827, the date he returned to Barcelona, and his hymn debuted in Santiago, in the Arteaga theater, the 23rd of December 1828.
Years later, in 1847, the Chilean government entrusted the young poet Eusebio Lillo with a new text that would replace the anti-Spain poem of Vera y Pintado, and after being analyzed by Andrés Bello, retained the original chorus ("Dulce patria, recibe los votos...).
During the dictatorial military government (1973-1990) of Augusto Pinochet, the Verse III was officially incorporated because of his praise of the militaries. Once again in democracy, it was eliminated from the anthem and only sung in military events as part of the full song. Supporters from the former military regime also sing the anthem with the Verse III in private ceremonies.
[edit] Official version lyrics
Below are the lyrics of the version most often played; it corresponds to Verse V of the full version and the chorus:
| Spanish original | Translation |
|---|---|
|
Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado; Coro |
Pure, Chile, is your blue sky; Chorus |
[edit] Full version lyrics
I
Ha cesado la lucha sangrienta;
Ya es hermano el que ayer invasor;
De tres siglos lavamos la afrenta
Combatiendo en el campo de honor.
El que ayer doblegábase esclavo
Libre al fin y triunfante se ve;
Libertad es la herencia del bravo,
La Victoria se humilla a sus pies.
- Coro
- Dulce Patria, recibe los votos
- Con que Chile en tus aras juró
- Que o la tumba serás de los libres
- O el asilo contra la opresión.
II
Alza, Chile, sin mancha la frente;
Conquistaste tu nombre en la lid;
Siempre noble, constante y valiente
Te encontraron los hijos del Cid.
Que tus libres tranquilos coronen
A las artes, la industria y la paz,
Y de triunfos cantares entonen
Que amedrenten al déspota audaz.
- Coro
III
Vuestros nombres, valientes soldados,
Que habéis sido de Chile el sostén,
Nuestros pechos los llevan grabados;
Los sabrán nuestros hijos también.
Sean ellos el grito de muerte
Que lancemos marchando a lidiar,
Y sonando en la boca del fuerte
Hagan siempre al tirano temblar.
- Coro
IV
Si pretende el cañón extranjero
Nuestros pueblos osado invadir;
Desnudemos al punto el acero
Y sepamos vencer o morir.
Con su sangre el altivo araucano
Nos legó por herencia el valor;
Y no tiembla la espada en la mano
Defendiendo de Chile el honor
- Coro
V
Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado,
Puras brisas te cruzan también,
Y tu campo de flores bordado
Es la copia feliz del Edén.
Majestuosa es la blanca montaña
Que te dio por baluarte el Señor,
Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña
Te promete futuro esplendor.
- Coro
VI
Esas galas, ¡oh, Patria!, esas flores
Que tapizan tu suelo feraz,
No las pisen jamás invasores;
Con tu sombra las cubra la paz.
Nuestros pechos serán tu baluarte,
Con tu nombre sabremos vencer,
O tu noble, glorioso estandarte,
Nos verá combatiendo caer.
- Coro
[edit] External links
- Sang anthem at Chile's Presidency site (Mp3, 2.0 MB)
- Chilean anthem by the US Navy Band (Mp3, 1.9 MB)
National anthems of South America. List also includes micro-states not recognized by the United Nations. See List of national anthems for anthems of nations that no longer exist, or anthems that are no longer used.
