Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal

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The Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal (HOSL - Hertfordshire Oil Storage Ltd), generally known as the Buncefield oil depot, is an oil depot located on the edge of Hemel Hempstead (grid reference TL087084) to the north of London in the United Kingdom.

The depot was picketed during the UK fuel protests in 2000, and was the location of the largest fire in Europe since World War II when the site exploded on 11 December 2005 (see 2005 Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire). Prior to the fire it was the fifth largest oil depot in the UK.

1 Construction and operation
2 References
3 See also
4 External links

[edit] Construction and operation

Some local residents remember that the site was used during the second World War to provide fuel for the bombers at Bovingdon.

The expanded site was opened in 1968 after a pipeline was constructed to link two Shell refineries in Stanlow in the North West of England at Ellesmere Port in Cheshire, and Shell Haven on the Thames Estuary at Stanford-le-Hope in Thurrock. The pipeline allowed "white oil" products, such as petrol and diesel, to be transported cheaply and efficiently across the country. Along with Buncefield, a number of other pipeline-fed installations were built at the same time. These depots were always shared by the oil companies who have benefited together from the lower costs compared with other transportation methods. However, when they opened, such depots, including Buncefield, sometimes became difficult to manage from an industrial relations perspective. Drivers and other operatives from different oil companies, but members of the same Trades Union, usually the Transport and General Workers Union, were able to coordinate their industrial action more effectively by being on the same site as one another. In 1990 a further pipeline was completed, linking the site to the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Humberside.

Before the fire, which devastated over a quarter of the site, the terminal was a major hub on the UK oil pipeline network (UKOP) with pipelines to Humberside, Merseyside and Heathrow and Gatwick airports radiating from it. The terminal operator is Total, which owns 60% of the depot, with Texaco owning the remaining 40%, though BP and Shell also make use of its facilities. As the fifth largest oil depot in the UK, it had a capacity of approximately 60 million gallons (273 million litres) of fuel, although it was not always at capacity. It previously filled 400 tanker lorries every day and handled around 2.37 million tonnes of oil products every year.

The site consists of a northern and a southern portion, with the southern being used by BP and the northern portion being divided into 3 sectors; HOSL West, the BPA area, and HOSL East. Texaco, Total and Shell use HOSL West and HOSL East, while the BPA area is occupied by facilities of the British Pipeline Agency (BPA), mostly for aviation fuel. HOSL West was the main site in the northern portion of HOSL, and was used for storage of a variety of fuels excluding aviation fuel and kerosene, which are stored at BPA. The fire destroyed most of HOSL West and the BPA area.