Herbert Ponting
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Herbert George Ponting (1870-1935) was a professional photographer. He is best known as the expedition photographer and cinematographer for Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition to the Ross Sea and South Pole (1910-1913). In this role, he captured some of the most enduring images of the so-called heroic age of Antarctic exploration.
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[edit] Early life: pre-Scott
Ponting was born in Salisbury, in the south of England, in 1870. He was early attracted to stories of the American West, working in mining and buying a fruit ranch in California in the 1890s. After the ranch failed, Ponting took up free-lance photography relatively late in life, in 1900. Improvement in the printing press had made it possible, for the first time, for mass-market magazines to print and publish photographic illustrations. Ponting sold his work to four of London's foremost magazines, the Graphic, the Illustrated London News, Pearson's, and the Strand Magazine. In the Strand, Ponting's work appeared side by side with the Sherlock Holmes stories of Arthur Conan Doyle, one of Ponting's contemporaries.
Ponting expanded his photographs of Japan into a 1910 book, In Lotus-land Japan. His flair for journalism and ability to shape his photographic illustrations into a narrative led to his being signed as expedition photographer aboard the Terra Nova.
[edit] The Terra Nova and Antarctica
As a member of the "shore party", in early 1911 Ponting helped set up the expedition's Antarctic winter camp at Cape Evans, Ross Island. The camp included a tiny photographic darkroom. Although the Terra Nova expedition came more than 20 years after the invention of photographic film, Ponting preferred high-quality images taken on glass plates.
Ponting was one of the first men to use a portable movie camera in Antarctica. The primitive device, called a cinematograph, could take short video sequences. Ponting also brought some autochrome plates to Antarctica and took some of the first known color still photographs there.
The expedition's scientists studied the behavior of large Antarctic animals, especially orcas, seals, and penguins. Ponting tried to get as close as possible to these animals, both on the Terra Nova in the sea ice and later on Ross Island, and narrowly escaped death on one occasion in early 1911 when a pod of eight orcas almost knocked him and his camera off of an ice floe into McMurdo Sound.
During the 1911 winter, Ponting took many flash photographs of Scott and the other members of the expedition in their Cape Evans hut. With the start of the 1911-12 sledging season, Ponting's field work began to come to an end. As a middle-aged man, he was not expected to help pull supplies southward over the Ross Ice Shelf for the push to the South Pole. Ponting photographed other members of the shore party setting off for what was expected to be a successful trek. He then boarded the Terra Nova in February 1912 to return to civilization, arrange his inventory of more than 1,700 photographic plates, and shape a narrative of the expedition. Ponting's illustrated narrative would be waiting for Captain Scott to use for lectures and fundraising in 1913.
[edit] Later life: post-Scott
The catastrophic end of "Scott's Last Expedition" also affected Ponting's later life and career. When the Terra Nova had sailed south in 1910, it had left massive debts behind. It was expected that Scott would return from the South Pole as a celebrity and that he could use moving images from his expedition in a one-man show. Ponting's cinematograph sequences, pieced out with lantern slides, were to have been a key element in the expedition's financial payback.
However, when the bodies of Scott and his companions were discovered on the Ross Ice Shelf during the sledging season of 1912-1913, their diaries and journals were also found. These records described the explorers' final days while suffering from exposure and malnutrition, and their desperate effort to get to a depot of food and fuel that could have saved them. Scott knew he was doomed, and used his final hours to write desperate pleas to his countrymen to look after the welfare of the expedition's widows and survivors.
The eloquent appeals, upon publication in the British press, wrung massive donations from the public. The gifts repaid the entire cost of the expedition, provided large annuities (carefully doled out by expedition status and rank) for the widows and survivors, and left a substantial surplus for eventual use as the startup endowment of the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI), an affiliate of Cambridge University.
Under these conditions, Ponting's Antarctic work had become redundant. Soon afterwards, World War I began.
With the conclusion of the war, Ponting's archive drew a nibble of interest. He published The Great White South, the photographic narrative of the expedition, in 1921, and helped produce a short sound film based upon his surviving video sequences, Ninety Degrees South (1933). He also lectured extensively on the Antarctic. These works brought him little recompense, however, and his other photographic work did not go well. Ponting died in London in 1935.
The Scott Polar Research Institute purchased the Ponting Collection in 2004 for £533,000. In addition, one of Ponting's photographic darkrooms is in the collections of the Ferrymead Heritage Park in Christchurch, New Zealand.
