Herbert Cardinal Vaughan
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Herbert Cardinal Vaughan (April 15, 1832 – June 19, 1903) was a British Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Westminster.
He was born at Gloucester, the eldest son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Francis Vaughan, head of an old recusant (Roman Catholic) family, the Vaughans of Courtfield, Herefordshire. His mother, a Catholic convert, Eliza Rolls from The Hendre, Monmouthshire, Wales, was intensely religious; and all five of the Vaughan family's daughters became nuns, while six of the eight sons took Holy Orders, becoming priests, with three of them being chosen as bishops: Roger became the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Australia, and John became the titular bishop of Sebastopolis and auxiliary bishop in Salford. Herbert spent six years at Stonyhurst College, and was then sent to study with the Benedictines at Downside Abbey, near Bath, England, and subsequently at the Jesuit school of Brugelette, Belgium, which was afterwards relocated to Paris, France.
In 1851 he went to Rome, Italy. After two years of study at the Academia dei nobili ecclesiastiae, where he became a friend and disciple of Henry Edward Manning, a Catholic convert who would become the second Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster following the Restoration of the Catholic Hierarchy in 1850.
Herbert Vaughan took the Holy Orders at Lucca in 1854. On his return to England he became for a period Vice-President of St Edmund's College, at that time the chief seminary for candidates for the priesthood in the south of England. Since childhood he had been filled with zeal for foreign missions, and he conceived the determination to found a great English missionary college to fit young priests for the work of evangelizing non-Christians abroad. With this object he made a great fund-raising trip to America in 1863, from which he returned with £11,000.
St Joseph's Foreign Missionary College, Mill Hill Park, London, was opened in 1869. Vaughan also became proprietor of the Tablet, and used its columns vigorously for proclaiming his message. In 1872 he was consecrated Bishop of Salford; during his time in that office he established St Bede's College. In 1892 Vaughan succeeded Manning as Archbishop of Westminster, receiving the cardinal's hat in 1893. Vaughan was a man of very different type from his predecessor; he had none of the ultramontane Manning's intellectual finesse or his ardour for social reform, but he was an ecclesiastic of remarkably fine presence and aristocratic leanings, intransigent in theological policy, and in personal character simply devout.
It was his most cherished ambition to see before he died an adequate Westminster Cathedral, and he laboured untiringly to secure subscriptions, with the result that its foundation stone was laid in 1895, and that when he died at the age of 71, the building was so far complete that a Requiem was said there over his body before it was removed to its resting-place at Mill Hill Park. It was later moved to the Cathedral.
In 1914, the Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School was founded in his memory in Holland Park, London.
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- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- Life of Cardinal Vaughan, JG Snead Cox (2 vols., London, 1910).
| Religious Posts | ||
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| Preceded by: Henry Edward Cardinal Manning |
Archbishop of Westminster 1892–1903 |
Succeeded by: Francis Bourne |
