Henry I of Haiti
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Henri Christophe (October 6, 1767 – October 8, 1820) was a career officer and general in the Haïtian Army. He became President of the State of Haïti on February 17, 1807. He was proclaimed King of Haïti on March 26, 1811. He committed suicide on October 8, 1820.
Born in St. Kitts, Christophe was brought to Saint Domingue as a slave. He worked in a hotel restaurant, and obtained his freedom.
Christophe distinguished himself in the Haïtian Revolution of 1791, eventually rising to the rank of general in 1802. In 1806 he participated in the coup d'etat against Jean-Jacques Dessalines and seized control of northern Haïti. His chief rival was his coconspirator, Alexandre Pétion, who championed a republican form of government and controlled the south of the country.
Henri became President of "the state of Haïti" in 1807, with Pétion becoming President of the "republic of Haïti" in opposition in the south. In 1811 Henri made the state of Haïti a kingdom, and proclaimed himself King Henri I.
Christophe built for himself 6 châteaux, 8 palaces and the massive Citadelle Laferrière, still considered one of the wonders of the age. He also erected a Haïtian Peerage, eventually creating 4 princes, 8 dukes, 22 counts, 37 barons and 14 knights. He also founded a College of Arms to provide armorial bearings to the newly ennobled.
Despite his efforts to promote education and establish a legal system, the Code Henri, King Henri was an unpopular autocratic monarch, whose realm was in a constant state of conflict with the south. Toward the end of his reign, public sentiment was sharply against what was perceived to be his feudal policies, intended to develop the country. Ill and infirm, although only fifty three, King Henri decided to shoot himself with a silver bullet rather than face the possibility of a coup.
Henri Christophe was the subject of La Tragédie du Roi Christophe, a 1963 play written by Martinican writer Aimé Césaire.
Pierre Nord Alexis, President of Haiti from 1902-1908, was his grandson.
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| Preceded by: Jacques I Emperor of Haïti |
President of the State of Haïti 1807-1811 King of Haïti 1811-1820 |
Succeeded by: Jean Pierre Boyer President of Haïti |
