Helaman

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This article is about Helaman, the son of Alma the Younger, in The Book of Mormon. For other uses, see Helaman (disambiguation).

Helaman (IPA pronunciation: [ˈhi.lə.mʌn], <hee'-la-mun>) was a person in The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ. According to the Book of Mormon account, he was a Nephite prophet who lived around the 1st century BC. He is perhaps best known for leading his so-called two thousand sons into battle. Most of what we know about Helaman comes from the latter half of the Book of Alma, a division within the Book of Mormon (much as the Book of Job is a division within the Bible).

Contents

[edit] Known genealogy

Grandfather: Alma the Elder

Father: Alma the Younger

Brothers: Shiblon and Corianton

Son: Helaman, son of Helaman

Grandson: Nephi, son of Helaman and Lehi, son of Helaman

[edit] Early life

Helaman was the eldest son of Alma the Younger, another Nephite prophet. The exact time and place of his birth are unknown. The house of his father, Alma, was in Zarahemla, the Nephite capital land, and Helaman may also have lived in Zarahemla.

The Book of Mormon first mentions Helaman in Alma 31:7,[1] and little is known of his life prior to this brief allusion. In this verse Helaman's father, Alma, and two younger brothers, Shiblon and Corianton, embark on a missionary journey to the Zoramites, but Helaman does not accompany them. This journey occurred towards the end of the 17th year of the "reign of the judges", which probably corresponds to about 75 BC.[2]

[edit] Later life

After their missionary labors among the Zoramites, Alma, his sons, and the rest of their company returned to Zarahemla.[3] At this time Alma gathered his sons together to give each of them a charge.[4] In his charge to Helaman,[5] Alma recounts his own conversion, exhorts Helaman to righteousness, and confers stewardship of the sacred records and other artifacts (including the "interpreters", or Urim and Thummim).[6] to Helaman.[7] These sacred records were passed down from generation to generation throughout the history of the Nephites, with each generation adding the story of their own time. It was these records which Mormon and Moroni drew from and abridged when compiling the Book of Mormon. Helaman accepted the records and continued the record-keeping tradition. The section of the Book of Alma beginning at chapter 45 states that it is, "The account of the people of Nephi, and their wars and dissensions, in the days of Helaman, according to the record of Helaman, which he kept in his days."[8] This section may possibly continue as far as chapter 62, wherein Helaman dies.[9]

Following Alma's words to his sons, he and his sons (including, presumably, Helaman) went among the people for a time, preaching the word of God.[10] Shortly afterward, in the 19th year of the reign of the judges (circa 73 BC), Alma approached Helaman for an important conversation. In what some consider a good model for child-parent interviews,[11] Alma questioned Helaman, praised him for his beliefs, and blessed him. Alma also dictated to him a prophecy of the destruction of the Nephites, which Alma commanded him to record but not to make known until it was fulfilled.[12] Not long after his charge to Helaman, Alma departed and was never heard of again.[13]

After this, Helaman and his brethren went among the people declaring the word of God and appointing "priests and teachers throughout all the land, over all the churches."[14] Dissension arose, allegedly due to the people's pride and riches, and the people thus would not heed the words of Helaman and his brethren.[15]

For the next several years, Helaman worked as a high priest in the Church, though not necessarily as the high priest over the Church. Helaman's work suffered major set-backs during Amalickiah's rise,[16] but then prospered in the years following Amalickiah's departure from the Nephites to the Lamanites.[17]

[edit] Ministering to the Anti-Nephi-Lehies

Helaman next appears in Alma chapter 53, in the 26th year of the reign of the judges (circa 66 BC), trying to persuade the Anti-Nephi-Lehies, also known as Ammonites, not to take up arms.[18] Years earlier, upon their conversion to the gospel of Christ, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies had made an oath to God that they "never would use weapons again for the shedding of man's blood".[19] The Nephites and the Lamanites were presently embroiled in war, and the Anti-Nephi-Lehies wished to join the conflict and fight alongside the Nephites. However, to do so would mean breaking the oath which they had made. Helaman "feared lest by so doing they should lose their souls".[20] Overpowered by the persuasions of Helaman, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies resigned themselves to being spectators in the conflict.

However, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies had many sons who, unlike their fathers, had never entered into a covenant not to take up weapons of war. These sons also wished to fight for the Nephites and, furthermore, to have Helaman as their leader. With no oath restricting them, and with the Nephites in desperate circumstances, they were permitted. There is no indication prior to this in the text that Helaman had any military training whatsoever, and indeed he may not have. Certainly the sons of the Anti-Nephi-Lehies had no fighting experience.[21] Regardless, through this interesting turn of events Helaman left the Anti-Nephi-Lehies marching at the head of an army of two thousand very green soldiers.[22]

[edit] Commander of the Stripling Warriors

See also: Two thousand stripling warriors

Helaman's army of two thousand young men is often referred to as the two thousand stripling warriors, or the sons of Helaman. Theirs is one of the most well-known stories from the Book of Mormon.

In brief, Helaman and his band marched in the 26th year of the reign of the judges (circa 66 BC) to the western part of the land of the Nephites and there joined the existing Nephite forces.[23] There they played a pivotal role in some crucial Nephite victories. As a result of those victories, the Nephites regained possession of all of the western cities which had been taken by the Lamanites.[24] Although two of the battles they participated in were very bloody, the army of Helaman did not incur a single fatality.[25] Helaman attributed this to divine preservation.[26]

Helaman wrote an epistle to the captain of the Nephite armies, Moroni, informing him of their success and expressing confusion that the government did not sent more troops and support to the western front.[27] Moroni received the epistle in the 30th year of the reign of the judges (circa 62 BC).[28] The next year the Nephites successfully drove the Lamanites back into the land southward and thus the war ended at last.[29]

[edit] Last years

After the war ended in the 31st year of the reign of the judges (circa 61 BC), Helaman first briefly "returned to the place of his inheritance".[30] He then went forth with his brethren, preaching the word of God and establishing the Church.[31] About four years later, in the 35th year of the reign of the judges (circa 57 BC), Helaman died.[9] At the time of his death, Helaman had not yet formally conferred stewardship of the sacred records and artifacts to his son, Helaman, as would have been traditional. Instead Shiblon "took possession of those sacred things" following Helaman's death.[32]

[edit] See also

Preceded by:
Alma the Younger		 Nephite record keeper
the 19th-35th years of the reign of the judges,
or 73-57 BC		 Succeeded by:
Shiblon

[edit] Notes and references

  1. ^ The Book of Mormon. Alma 31:7.
  2. ^ It can be concluded from the following verses that the journey took place in the 17th year of the reign of the judges: Alma 30:6 states that Korihor came into the land of Zarahemla in the latter end of the 17th year of the reign of the judges. Alma 31:1& 6 show unambiguously that it was after Korihor's demise that the mission to the Zoramites took place. In Alma 35, the mission concludes with the missionaries withdrawing from the Zoramites, the converts being cast out, and the Zoramites preparing for war. Alma 35:11-12 states that the 17th year ended in this manner.
  3. ^ The Book of Mormon. Alma 35:14.
  4. ^ Ibid., Alma 35:16.
  5. ^ Ibid., Alma 36-37. Alma's charge to Helaman is contained in these two chapters.
  6. ^ Ibid., Alma 37:21
  7. ^ Ibid., Alma 50:37-38. Alma had previously tried to give the records and artifacts to Nephihah, but Nephihah refused to take them.
  8. ^ Ibid., Alma 45.
  9. ^ a b Ibid., Alma 62:52.
  10. ^ Ibid., Alma 43:1-2.
  11. ^ Asay, Carlos E. (November 1983). Parent-Child Interviews (htm). Ensign. Retrieved on 2006-04-24. LDS leader Carlos Asay uses the example of the relationship of Alma and Helaman to instruct concerning parent-child interviews.
  12. ^ The Book of Mormon. Alma 45:2-17.
  13. ^ Ibid., Alma 45:18.
  14. ^ Ibid., Alma 45:20-22.
  15. ^ Ibid., Alma 45:23-24.
  16. ^ Ibid., Alma 46:6.
  17. ^ Ibid., Alma 46:38 and Alma 49:30.
  18. ^ Ibid., Alma 53.
  19. ^ Ibid., Alma 24:17-8.
  20. ^ Idid., Alma 53:15.
  21. ^ Ibid., Alma 56:47.
  22. ^ Maynes, Richard J. (November 2004). Keeping Our Covenants (htm). Ensign. Retrieved on 2006-04-24. LDS leader Richard J. Maynes cited this entire episode in a General Conference as containing good examples of covenant-keeping behavior.
  23. ^ The Book of Mormon. Alma 56:9.
  24. ^ Ibid., Alma 58:30-31.
  25. ^ Helaman's epistle to Moroni in The Book of Mormon describes two particularly severe battles in which Helaman's army was involved. The first was oustide the city of Antiparah (described in Alma 56:30-56). The second was in defense of the city of Cumeni (described in Alma 57:17-25) in the 29th year of the reign of the judges (circa 63 BC), Alma 57:6).
  26. ^ The Book of Mormon. Alma 58:39.
  27. ^ Ibid., Alma 56-58.
  28. ^ Ibid., Alma 56:1.
  29. ^ Ibid., Alma 62:38-39, Alma 56:55-56 and Alma 57:24-25.
  30. ^ Ibid., Alma 62:42.
  31. ^ Ibid., Alma 62:44-46.
  32. ^ Ibid., Alma 63:1.

[edit] External links

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