Gymnure

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iGymnures & moonrats

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Subclass:	Eutheria
Order:	Insectivora
Family:	Erinaceidae
Subfamily:	Hylomyinae

Genera

Echinosorex
Hylomys
Podogymnura

Gymnures, also called Hairy Hedgehogs or Moon Rats, are mammals belonging to the subfamily Hylomyinae, in the family Erinaceidae and the order Insectivora. Although more closely related to moles, they look like very large rats.

1 Distribution and appearance
2 Way of life
3 Species
4 External links

[edit] Distribution and appearance

Gymnures inhabit moist jungle terrain in various locales of Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, Sumatra, China and the Malay Peninsula.

Although its closest relative is the hedgehog, full grown specimens more closely resemble large rats, or the North American opossum, (Didelphis virginianis), with which it shares similar habits and ecological niches (an example of parallel evolution).

The gymnure's body plan is believed to resemble that of the earliest mammals, with a large toothy head about 1/3rd the length of the total body, a naked furless tail for balance and thermoregulatory purposes, and a plantigrade stance.

They also have an outstanding sense of smell, and tactile response in the snout region. The related starnose moles have noses so innervated that they can readily detect and discern microscopic texture features. The gymnure commonly called the Greater Moonrat is generally agreed upon as as the largest living insectivore on earth, measuring up to 65 cm (26 inches) long and weigh as much as 2 kg (4.4 lb).

[edit] Way of life

Gymnures are primarily carnivorous. They are nocturnal or crepuscular: they come out to forage at twilight or in the night to search the forest floor, using smell to find the animals that they eat. Gymnures eat various arthropods, mice, small reptiles and amphibians, with occasional fruit and fungi.

Gymnures keep territories, and individuals are solitary except when breeding. The gymnure has a very strong scent, typically described as a rancid garlic or onion smell, which is produced by its territory marking scent glands. Several creatures similar in form and niche, such as the opossum and solenodon smell similar to the gymnure.

[edit] Species

There are eight species in three genera:

Genus Echinosorex
- Echinosorex gymnura (Moonrat)
Genus Hylomys
- Hylomys hainanensis (Hainan Gymnure)
- Hylomys megalotis (Large-eared Gymnure)
- Hylomys parvus (Dwarf Gymnure)
- Hylomys sinensis (Shrew Gymnure)
- Hylomys suillus (Lesser Gymnure)
Genus Podogymnura
- Podogymnura aureospinula (Dinagat Gymnure)
- Podogymnura truei (Mindanao Gymnure)