Gregory Watson

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Gregory Watson is a Legislative Director currently employed in the Texas Legislature who, in 1982, started the momentum behind the unusual ratification process of the Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution. He is described as the "National Coordinator of the Political Movement to Ratify the 27th Amendment" in the case of Schaffer, Et Al. v. Clinton, Et Al. (later styled as Schaffer v. O'Neill) litigated in the federal courts of the United States.

1 Watson's involvement with the 27th Amendment
2 Post-Ratification of 13th Amendment by Mississippi
3 Post-Ratification of 15th Amendment by Tennessee
4 Recognition by lawmakers outside of the United States
5 Watson's current status
6 Sources

[edit] Watson's involvement with the 27th Amendment

In 1982, while researching the proposed—but not ratified—Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution (ERA) of a decade earlier for a paper in a government class that he was taking at the University of Texas at Austin, Watson came across documentation of another unratified constitutional amendment which Congress had presented to America's state lawmakers. This other proposal, dating back to the 1st Congress in the year 1789, provides that any change in the compensation of members of the United States Congress may not take effect until an election of the United States House of Representatives has first intervened. Watson switched the subject of his paper from the ERA to the 1789 proposal and researched what was a still-pending constitutional amendment, despite 192 years having elapsed. Watson's paper argued that—unlike the ERA—the 1789 amendment had no deadline within which the nation's state legislatures must have acted upon it and that it could belatedly become part of the U.S. Constitution. His report further recommended—on policy grounds—that the amendment should be ratified, as delaying changes of congressional salary would be beneficial against corruption. His professor gave Watson a 'C' on the paper, explaining to him that she thought that he had not made a convincing case that the amendment was still subject to being approved by the state legislatures nearly two centuries after Congress had offered it to them and, further, that she believed that the topic was irrelevant to modern government.^[1]

Watson immediately set out to secure the amendment's incorporation into the Constitution. Using a letter-writing campaign begun in early 1982 to strategically-targeted states, the reaction was swift. The first result was ratification by Maine lawmakers during April 1983, then came success in Colorado—where both houses of the Colorado General Assembly were controlled by Republicans—during April 1984. With each passing year, the legislatures of more and more states ratified the ancient proposal. On May 5, 1992, when lawmakers in Alabama became the 38th to approve it, the measure became the Constitution's 27th Amendment—there being 50 states in the Union at the time. The Archivist of the United States issued a proclamation to that effect on May 18, 1992. And on May 20, 1992, both houses of Congress adopted resolutions agreeing with the Archivist's conclusion.

In later years, Watson joined a lawsuit filed by former Republican U.S. Representative Bob Schaffer of Colorado, and others, in an attempt to reverse mid-term, cost-of-living-adjustment (COLA) pay raises for members of Congress. The lawsuit was rejected by two federal courts. The Supreme Court refused certiorari because Congressman Schaffer could not establish sufficient proof that he was personally harmed by COLA pay raises.

[edit] Post-Ratification of 13th Amendment by Mississippi

In 1994, with the 27th Amendment already ratified, Watson verified that the Mississippi Legislature had never ratified the 13th Amendment (abolishing slavery). The only official pronouncement of Mississippi lawmakers as to the 13th Amendment was a resolution adopted in 1865 specifically rejecting the 13th Amendment. After Kentucky legislators took belated favorable action in 1976, Mississippi was left standing alone for 19 years as the only state in the Union both before and after Congress proposed the 13th Amendment to have never—even symbolically—gone on record in support of it.

During the summer of 1994, Watson sent letters to all African-American members of the Mississippi Senate and the Mississippi House of Representatives informing them of Mississippi's status as to the 13th Amendment and he enclosed with each letter a draft resolution for the Mississippi Legislature to adopt in order to symbolically post-ratify the 13th Amendment. In March 1995, Mississippi's Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 547 was adopted, thereby making Mississippi the final state to approve the 13th Amendment.

[edit] Post-Ratification of 15th Amendment by Tennessee

Similar circumstances existed with respect to the Tennessee General Assembly as to the 15th Amendment (establishing the right of adult males of all races to vote). In 1997, as a result of Watson's research and initiative in 1996, Tennessee lawmakers post-ratified the 15th Amendment with the adoption of House Joint Resolution No. 32. On October 8, 1997, U.S. Representative Harold E. Ford, Jr. of Tennessee placed a tribute to Watson in the Congressional Record.

[edit] Recognition by lawmakers outside of the United States

Pointing to Watson's work on the 27th Amendment, a member of Canada's House of Commons, the Honorable Scott Reid, on June 7, 2001, specifically cited Watson by name during the course of floor debate on the issue of the compensation of officials within the Canadian government.