Greek chorus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article or section is missing citations and/or footnotes.

To meet Wikipedia's style guidelines and conform to our policies regarding neutral point of view, original research, and verifiability, please provide appropriate inline citations and/or footnotes.
For guidance in this area, see Wikipedia:Footnotes#How to use.
This article has been tagged since December 2006.

In early tragedy, no parts were played by a single actor; because the actor left the stage often to change roles, the chorus was especially dominant. It is thought to have numbered approximately 50 singing and dancing members (choreutai) circa 508. Tragedy came to be composed of episodes separated by choral odes. In these odes, the chorus would chant rhythmically, so they could be viewed as one entity rather than individuals. In the second generation of Athenian tragedy the chorus often had a more substantial role in the narrative; in Euripedes's The Bacchae, for example, the chorus, representing the frenzied female worshippers of Dionysus becomes a central character in itself.

Aeschylus reduced the chorus to 12 members, but it remained critical to his productions. Under Aeschylus, the chorus played such key roles as the protagonist in The Suppliants, and the antagonist in The Eumenides. Sophocles increased the chorus to 15 members, although the choral odes became only tenuously related to the dramatic action. The Sophoclean chorus was divided into two sub-choruses of 6 (hemichoria) and a leader (koryphaios); the number of actors increased from two to three. The leader of the chorus interacted with the characters in the play, and spoke for the general population (the play's public opinion). This change favoured the interaction between actors and thus brought ancient Greek tragedy closer to the modern notion of dramatic plot. The size of the tragic chorus continued to waver, settling for a time at 3 members.

Use of the chorus can be seen not only in ancient Greek tragedies, but also in more recent works such as Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the musical/film Little Shop of Horrors and Leonard Bernstein's one-act opera Trouble in Tahiti. Woody Allen also uses the greek chorus in his 1995 film Mighty Aphrodite.