Great Fish River

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Fish River" redirects here. For the river in Namibia, see Fish River, Nambia .

The Great Fish River (called great to distinguish from the Namibian Fish River) is a river running through the South African province of The Eastern Cape.

During the 19th Century, the river formed the border of the Cape Colony and was hotly contested during the Frontier Wars of 1779 to 1878 between the indigenous Xhosa nation on the one side and the Dutch farmers and the 1820 Settlers from England on the other, and in 1835, the Fingo tribe was permmitted to settle on the river's banks. During apartheid, the lower reaches was the western boundary of the nominally independent Ciskei homeland.

The river generally runs (naturally) all year round, although its headwaters arise in an arid region, and the flow could well be sluggish beyond the ebb and flow of the tidal reaches; now, water from the Orange River system can be used to keep up its flow in dry periods. In the 1970s, a major water project brought Orange River water, via the Fish River, for agricultural and industrial use. The tunnel for this was a major engineering undertaking, with the intake at Oviston (an acronym, in Afrikaans, for Orange-Fish Tunnel). Oviston is on the shores of the Verwoerd Dam (since renamed the Gariep Dam).

Cradock is a significant town through which the Fish River runs. The area between Port Elizabeth and the Fish River is known the Sunshine Coast.

Despite its name, fishing that takes place along its (mainly lower) reaches is primarily recreational. The river is tidal for approximately 20km. Annually, a popular canoeing event takes place over a number of days from Cradock to the mouth. The Fish River Canoe Marathon takes place yearly on this river.