Grand Chamberlain of France
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The Grand Chambellan of France – here translated as Grand Chamberlain of France to distinguish it from the similar but different position of Grand Chambrier de France, translated as "Grand Chamberman of France", although both positions could equally be translated by the word chamberlain – was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, a member of the Maison du Roi ("King's Household"), and one of the Great Offices of the Maison du Roi during the Ancien Régime.
At its origin, the position of Grand Chambellan entailed oversight of the king's chamber and his wardrobe, but in October 1545, the position absorbed the duties of the position of "Grand Chambrier of France", which was suppressed by François I, and the Grand Chamberlain became responsible for signing charters and certain royal documents, assisting at the trial of peers, and recording the oaths of homage to the Crown, among other duties.
The Grand Chambellan also played an important role during coronation: he ceremonially admitted the clerical peers to the room of the King, and fitted the King with boots, dalmatic, and mantle for coronation. In the protocol of the reign of Louis XIV, the Chambellan was in the second rank during ambassadorial receptions, he served the king at table, and, at the ceremony of the royal awakening, he presented the king with a shirt. The position played a key role in state affairs in the sixteenth century, but became merely honorific in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
The political importance of the Chambellan stemmed from his having permanent access to the King's chamber. His symbol of office was the keys to the royal apartments, which he always carried; in token of which, he was permitted to place two gold keys in saltire behind his coat of arms. He also was entitled to carry the banner of France. In rank, the position was between the Grand Maître de France and the Grand Écuyer. During a lit de justice, he sat at the king's feet.
In the first half of the 16th century, the position was always held by a member of the Orléans-Longueville family, then by the Duke of Guise, and finally – until the end of the monarchy – by a member of the La Tour d'Auvergne-Bouillon familly.
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[edit] List of Grand Chamberlains of France
- Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (1310–1342)
- Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (1342–1356)
- Louis, Count of Vendôme (1408–1427)
- Georges de la Trémoïlle (1427–1434?)
- Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (1434–?)
- Jean Dunois, Count of Dunois and Longueville
- Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
- Louis of Orléans, Duke of Longueville (1524–1537)
- Francis, Duke of Guise (1551–1563)
- Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne (1563–1589)
- Henry I of Orléans, Duke of Longueville (1589–1595)
- Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne (1596–1621)
- Claude, Duke of Chevreuse (1621–1643)
- Louis, Duke of Joyeuse (1643–1654)
- Henry II, Duke of Guise (1655–1658)
- Godefroy-Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon (1658–1715)
- Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon (1715–1728)
- Charles-Godefroy La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon (1728–1747)
- Godefroy-Charles-Henri La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon (1747–1775)
- Henri-Louis-Marie de Rohan, duc de Montbazon (1775–1809)
[edit] References
- This article is based in part on the articles Grand chambellan de France and Liste des grands chambellans de France from the French Wikipedia, retrieved on September 6, 2006.
