Golomb ruler

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Golomb ruler of order 4 and length 6. This ruler is both optimal and perfect.

In mathematics, a Golomb ruler, named for Solomon W. Golomb, is a set of marks at integer positions along an imaginary ruler such that no two pairs of marks are the same distance apart. The number of marks on the ruler is its order, and the largest distance between two of its marks is its length. Translation and reflection of a Golomb ruler are considered trivial, so the smallest mark is customarily put at 0 and the next mark at the smaller of its two possible values.

There is no requirement that a Golomb ruler can measure all distances up to its length, but if it does, it is called a perfect Golomb ruler. It has been proven that no perfect Golomb ruler exists for five or more ticks. A Golomb ruler is optimal if no shorter Golomb ruler of the same order exists. Creating Golomb rulers is easy, but finding the optimal Golomb rulers for a specified order is computationally very challenging. Distributed.net has completed a distributed massively parallel search for optimal order-24 Golomb rulers, confirming the suspected candidate, and a search for order-25 optimal rulers is currently underway.

One practical use of Golomb rulers is in the design of phased array radio antennas such as radio telescopes. Antennae in an [0,1,4,6] Golomb ruler configuration can often be seen at cell sites.

Currently, the complexity of finding optimal Golomb rulers of arbitrary length n is unknown, but it is believed to be an NP-hard problem. ^[1]

1 Known optimal Golomb rulers
2 References
3 See also
4 External links

[edit] Known optimal Golomb rulers

The following table contains all known optimal Golomb rulers (excluding rulers which are equivalent to one of these with marks in reverse order). The table is complete up to and including order 24.

order	length	marks
1	0	0
2	1	0 1
3	3	0 1 3
4	6	0 1 4 6
5	11	0 1 4 9 11 0 2 7 8 11
6	17	0 1 4 10 12 17 0 1 4 10 15 17 0 1 8 11 13 17 0 1 8 12 14 17
7	25	0 1 4 10 18 23 25 0 1 7 11 20 23 25 0 1 11 16 19 23 25 0 2 3 10 16 21 25 0 2 7 13 21 22 25
8	34	0 1 4 9 15 22 32 34
9	44	0 1 5 12 25 27 35 41 44
10	55	0 1 6 10 23 26 34 41 53 55
11	72	0 1 4 13 28 33 47 54 64 70 72 0 1 9 19 24 31 52 56 58 69 72
12	85	0 2 6 24 29 40 43 55 68 75 76 85
13	106	0 2 5 25 37 43 59 70 85 89 98 99 106
14	127	0 4 6 20 35 52 59 77 78 86 89 99 122 127
15	151	0 4 20 30 57 59 62 76 100 111 123 136 144 145 151
16	177	0 1 4 11 26 32 56 68 76 115 117 134 150 163 168 177
17	199	0 5 7 17 52 56 67 80 81 100 122 138 159 165 168 191 199
18	216	0 2 10 22 53 56 82 83 89 98 130 148 153 167 188 192 205 216
19	246	0 1 6 25 32 72 100 108 120 130 153 169 187 190 204 231 233 242 246
20	283	0 1 8 11 68 77 94 116 121 156 158 179 194 208 212 228 240 253 259 283
21	333	0 2 24 56 77 82 83 95 129 144 179 186 195 255 265 285 293 296 310 329 333
22	356	0 1 9 14 43 70 106 122 124 128 159 179 204 223 253 263 270 291 330 341 353 356
23	372	0 3 7 17 61 66 91 99 114 159 171 199 200 226 235 246 277 316 329 348 350 366 372
24	425	0 9 33 37 38 97 122 129 140 142 152 191 205 208 252 278 286 326 332 353 368 384 403 425

The search for optimal Golomb rulers of order 25 currently underway by distributed.net (as of 2006) is predicted to confirm the following ruler, which was discovered in 1984 by M. D. Atkinson and A. Hassenklover.