Glutamate decarboxylase
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Glutamate decarboxylase
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol(s) | GAD1 GAD2 |
| Entrez | 24379 |
| OMIM | 605363 |
| RefSeq | [1] |
| UniProt | Q99259 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 4.1.1.15 |
| Locus | Chr. [2] |
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA. GAD uses PLP as a cofactor.
In mammals, GAD exists in two isoforms encoded by two different genes - Gad1 and Gad2. These isoforms are GAD67 and GAD65 with molecular weights of 67 and 65 kDa, respectively.[1] GAD1 and GAD2 are expressed in the brain where GABA is used as a neurotransmitter, GAD2 is also expressed in the pancreas.
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[edit] Role in pathology
[edit] Diabetes
Both GAD67 and GAD65 are targets of autoantibodies in people who later develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus AB, FT, FT.
[edit] Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder
Substantial dysregulation of GAD mRNA expression is observed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[2]
[edit] References
- ^ Erlander MG, Tillakaratne NJK, Feldblum S, Patel N, Tobin AJ (1991) Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases. Neuron 7:91-100. PMID 2069816
- ^ Woo TU, Walsh JP, Benes FM. (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry. 61(7):649-57. Density of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA-containing neurons that express the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PMID 15237077
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