Giuseppe Cardinal Albani
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Giuseppe (Andrea) Cardinal Albani (born September 13, 1750, Rome, Italy; died December 3, 1834, Pesaro, Italy) was a powerful Roman Catholic churchman during the first three decades of the nineteenth century. Although never a candidate for the Papacy, his role in the election of Leo XII, Pius VIII and Gregory XVI is well-known to Papal historians.
Albani came from a family known from producing many Catholic clergy: his great-uncle was Pope Clement XI, whilst three other relatives were also prominent cardinals.
Although little is known about his early education, it is known his priestly studies were done in Siena but in his early twenties Albani returned to Rome to be a domestic prelate for Pope Clement XIV. In his time in Rome Albani gained immense experience in canon law and he was to use this knowledge to great effect in later years. He held major offices in the Roman Curia from quite a young age and byu the time he was made a cardinal by Pius VII he was already a critical figure in the Church. During the French occuraption of Rome he took refuge in Vienna and it was during this time that he became firmly allied with the Holy Roman Empire, which gave him a free reign to control later papal conclaves so that no candidate to their distaste would be elected.
He became prefect of the Congregation for Bishops in 1817 and in all the following three conclaves Albani played a vital role in influencing whom the majority of cardinals would vote for, even though his own candidate in the 1830 conclave, Vincenzo Cardinal Macchi, could only gain a maximum of twelve votes. His connection with Emperor Francis I was decisive in the 1823 conclave and important in the 1830 one for excluding Giacomo Cardinal Giustiniani, and in the 1829 conclave - though he was absent from the early ballots - his support undoubtedly helped Pius VIII become Pope.
Albani's role in these conclaves can also be seen in that it was him who crowned both Pius VIII and Gregory XVI after they accepted their election as Pope.
From 1830 until his death four years later Albani was the head of the Vatican Library.
