George P. Shultz
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George Pratt Shultz (born New York City, December 13, 1920) served as the United States Secretary of Labor from 1969 to 1970, as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974, and as the U.S. Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989.
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[edit] Biography
In 1938, Shultz graduated from the Loomis Chaffee School in Windsor, Connecticut after which he received a B.A. degree in economics from Princeton University in 1942. That same year he joined the U.S. Marine Corps and served until 1945, attaining the rank of Captain. In 1949, Shultz earned a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His degree was in industrial economics.
Whilst serving with the Navy in Hawaii, he met his future wife, nurse lieutenant Helena Maria "Obie" O'Brien (1915-1995). They had five children. In 1997, he married again, Charlotte Mailliard Swig, in San Francisco.
He taught in both the MIT Department of Economics and the MIT Sloan School of Management from 1948 to 1957, with a leave of absence in 1955 to serve on President Dwight Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers as a senior staff economist.
In 1957, Shultz joined the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business as professor of industrial relations. Later, he was named dean in 1962.
Shultz served as President Richard Nixon's secretary of labor from 1969 to 1970, after which he was director of the Office of Management and Budget. He then became secretary of the Treasury from May 1972 to May 1974. It was during this period that Schultz, along with Paul Volcker and Arthur Burns, supported the decision of the Nixon administration to end the gold standard and the Bretton Woods system.[1]
[edit] Secretary of State
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In 1974, he left government service to become president and director of Bechtel Group. On July 16, 1982, he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to serve as the sixtieth U.S. secretary of state. Considered by some to be a dove on foreign policy, he frequently clashed with the more hawkish members of the Reagan administration. In particular, he was well known for outspoken opposition to the "arms for hostages" scandal that would eventually become the Iran Contra situation. On the other hand, Shultz was a leading proponent of a U.S. invasion of Nicaragua. In a 1983 testimony before Congress he said "we must cut the Nicaraguan cancer out." He was also opposed to any negotiation with the government of Daniel Ortega, "Negotiations are a euphemism for capitulation if the shadow of power is not cast across the bargaining table." During the First Intifada (see Arab-Israeli conflict), Shultz "proposed ... an international convention in April 1988 ... on an interim autonomy agreement for the West Bank and Gaza Strip, to be implemented as of October for a three-year period" (Oded, 135). However, this never materialized.
[edit] Later life
George Shultz left office on January 20, 1989 but continues to be a strategist for the Republican Party. He was an advisor for the George W. Bush 2000 Campaign, and senior member of the so-called "Vulcans," a group of policy mentors for Bush which also included among its members Dick Cheney, Paul Wolfowitz and Condoleezza Rice. One of his most senior advisors and confidants is former ambassador Charles Hill, who holds dual positions at the Hoover Institution and Yale University. Schultz has been called the father of the Bush Doctrine, because of his advocacy of Preventive war. [2] He generally defends the neoconservatism of the Bush administration. [3]
After leaving public office in 1989, Shultz surprised many of his fellow conservatives by becoming the first prominent Republican to call for the legalization of recreational drugs. He went on to add his signature to an advertisement, published in the New York Times on June 8, 1998, entitled "We believe the global war on drugs is now causing more harm than drug abuse itself."
In August of 2003, Shultz was named co-chair (along with Warren Buffett) of California's Economic Recovery Council, an advisory group to the campaign of California gubernatorial candidate Arnold Schwarzenegger.
On January 5, 2006, he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials.
Shultz is the chairman of the JP Morgan Chase bank's International Advisory Council and an honorary director of the Institute for International Economics. He is a member of the Hoover Institution at Stanford, American Enterprise Institute, the New Atlantic Initiative, the prestigious Mandalay Camp at the Bohemian Grove, the Committee for the Liberation of Iraq and the Committee on the Present Danger. He also serves on the board of directors for the Bechtel Corporation, Gilead Sciences, Accretive Health, and Charles Schwab Corporation.
[edit] Honors and prizes
- Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom (January 19, 1989).
- Received the Seoul Peace Prize (1992).
- Received the United States Military Academy's Sylvanus Thayer Award (1992).
- Received the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service (2000).
- Received the Eisenhower Medal for Leadership (2001).
- Received the Lead21 Lifetime Achievement Award (2005).
[edit] Further reading
- Oded, Eran. "Arab-Israel Peacemaking." The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002.
- Reference(1):Biography
[edit] External links
- Brief Biography The Hoover Institution
- U.S. Department of Labor Biography
- Project for the Exposure of Hidden Institutions - biographical details In the Bohemian Grove membership list.
- Tony Blair: Partying with the super rich in America A Daily Mail article on Tony Blair's attendance at a party arranged by Shultz's wife in San Francisco in July, 2006.
- George Shultz speech at Milton Friedman's 90th birthday.
| Preceded by: W. Willard Wirtz |
United States Secretary of Labor 1969–1970 |
Succeeded by: James D. Hodgson |
| Preceded by: Robert Mayo |
Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget 1970–1972 |
Succeeded by: Caspar Weinberger |
| Preceded by: John B. Connally |
United States Secretary of the Treasury 1972–1974 |
Succeeded by: William E. Simon |
| Preceded by: Alexander Haig |
United States Secretary of State 1982–1989 |
Succeeded by: James Baker |
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