GEOS (8-bit operating system)

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This article is about the GEOS home computer operating system. For the PC/x86 based system, see GEOS (16-bit operating system).

GEOS (Graphic Environment Operating System) was an operating system from Berkeley Softworks (later Geoworks). Originally designed for the Commodore 64 and released in 1986, it provided a graphical user interface for this popular 8-bit computer.

GEOS for the Commodore 64. Mimicking Commodore's OS core naming/misspelling, Berkeley called GEOS' core a "kernal" (cf. kernel).

geoWrite, a word processor in GEOS.

GEOS closely resembled early versions of Mac OS and included a graphical word processor (geoWrite) and paint program (geoPaint). For many years, Commodore bundled GEOS with its redesigned and cost reduced C64, the C64C. At its peak, GEOS was the third most popular operating system in the world in terms of units shipped, trailing only MS-DOS and Mac OS.

Other GEOS-compatible software packages were available from Berkeley or from third parties, including a reasonably sophisticated desktop publishing application called geoPublish and a spreadsheet called geoCalc. While geoPublish was not as sophisticated as Aldus Pagemaker and geoCalc not as sophisticated as Microsoft Excel, the packages provided reasonable functionality, and Berkeley founder Brian Dougherty claimed the company ran its business using its own software on Commodore 8-bit computers for several years.

Enhanced versions of GEOS later became available for the Commodore 128 and the Apple II family. A lesser-known version was also briefly released for the Commodore Plus/4.

Written by a group of programmers who cut their teeth on limited-resource video game machines such as the Atari 2600, GEOS was revered for what it could accomplish on machines with 64–128KB of RAM memory and 1–2 MHz of 8-bit processing power.

Unlike many pieces of commercial software for the C64 and C128, GEOS took full advantage of many of the add-ons and improvements available for these systems. Commodore's 1351 mouse was supported by GEOS, as were its various RAM expansion units. GEOS 128 also fully supported the C128's 640×200 high-resolution VDC display mode through a compatible RGB monitor.

The C64 version of GEOS incorporated a built-in fast loader, called diskTurbo, that significantly increased the speed of drive access on the slow 1541. (GEOS 128 could take advantage of the C128's enhanced "burst mode" in conjunction with the 1571 and 1581 drives.)

Via Berkeley's special geoCable interface converter or other third-party interfaces to connect standard RS-232 or Centronics printers to the Commodore serial bus, GEOS supported a wide variety of printers, including HP PCL printers and the Apple LaserWriter. This ability to print to high-end printers was a major factor in making GEOS a desktop publishing platform.

The Apple II version of GEOS was released as freeware (not open source) in August 2003. The Commodore 64/128 versions followed in February 2004.

[edit] GEOS products and applications

Dozens of official and third-party applications and other products were produced for GEOS. Among the most important and popular were the following:

geoBASIC
geoCable
geoCalc
geoChart
geoDex
geoDraw
geoFAX
geoFile
geoFont
geoLabel
geoPaint
geoPrint
geoProgrammer
geoPublish
geoSpell
geoWrite
geoWrite Workshop

[edit] References

Farr, Michael (1987). The Official GEOS Programmer's Reference Guide. For Commodore 64/64C/128. Includes versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2. Bantam Books/Berkeley Softworks. ISBN 0-553-34404-8.
Tornsdorf, Manfred; Kerkoh, Rüdiger (1986). GEOS Inside and Out. An introduction to GEOS, its applications and internals. Abacus/Data Becker. ISBN 0-916439-81-X.