Freckle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| ICD-10 | L81.2 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 709.09 |
Freckles are small tan spots of melanin on the skin of people with fair complexions.
Having freckles is genetic and is related to the presence of the melanocortin-1 receptor MC1R gene variant. Freckling can also be triggered by long exposure to sunlight, such as suntanning. When the sun's rays penetrate the skin, they activate melanocytes which can cause freckles to become darker and more numerous, although the distribution of melanin is not the same. Fair hair such as blonde, or more commonly red hair, are usually common with the genetic factor of freckles, but none so much as fair or pale skin.
Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun. Freckles are rare on infants, and more common on children before puberty; they are less common on adults.
Children that do not produce enough melanin to protect their skin against harmful rays from the Sun develop temporary freckles associated with childhood that usually go away upon puberty, once more melanin is properly produced. People with the fairest skin often do not produce enough melanin, and so freckles are present after puberty and into adulthood, indicating that individual as a genetic carrier for freckles.
Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the Sun, but do however fade with age in some cases. Freckles are not a skin disorder but genetic. People with a predisposition to freckles may be especially susceptible to sunburn and skin cancer, and should therefore take extra care to protect themselves in the sun with a daily sunblock of at least 15 SPF.
In dermatology, the synonym ephelides is used to designate freckles.
