Franz Joseph I of Austria

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This article is about the Austrian Emperor. For Franz Joseph the artist and author, see Franz Joseph (artist).

Franz Joseph I of Austria
Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Reign	2 December 1848-21 November 1916
Born	18 August 1830
Died	21 November 1916
Predecessor	Ferdinand I
Successor	Charles I
Consort	Elisabeth of Bavaria
Issue	Archduchess Sophie Archduchess Gisela Crown Prince Rudolf Archduchess Marie-Valerie
Royal House	Habsburg
Father	Archduke Franz Karl
Mother	Princess Sophie of Bavaria

Silver coin of Franz Joseph I, 20 Kreuzers, dated 1868. The obverse Latin inscription reads, FRANC[IS] JOS[EPH] I D[EUS] G[RATIA] AVSTRIAE IMPERATOR, or in English, "Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, Thanks Be to God." The reverse Latin inscription reads, LOD ILL[LYRIUM] REX A A 1868 HVNGAR[IA] BOHEM[IA] GAL[ICIA], or in English, "King of Illyrium, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and Galicia."]

Franz Joseph I (in Hungarian I. Ferenc József, in English Francis Joseph I) (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary and King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916. His 68-year reign, the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe (after that of Louis XIV of France and Johannes II, Prince of Liechtenstein), made him the longest-serving German-speaking monarch who is known to have at least nominally ruled.

[edit] Biography

Franz Joseph was born in Vienna, the oldest son of Archduke Franz Karl (younger brother and heir of Emperor Ferdinand I), and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria. Franz Joseph was also the older brother of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. Because his father renounced his claim to the throne, Franz Joseph was brought up by his mother as a future Emperor with emphasis on devoutness, responsibility and diligence. At the age of 13 he started a career as a colonel in the Austrian army. From that point onward, his fashion was dictated by army style and he wore the uniform for most of his life.

He became Austrian Emperor as Franz Joseph I when Ferdinand abdicated near the end of the Revolution of 1848, on December 2, 1848. His imperial career was at first connected with the personality of Felix Schwarzenberg and was targeted to restore absolutism and regain a powerful position in foreign affairs. He abolished the Constitution of 1849 and became a sovereign monarch in 1852. However, the 1850s witnessed several failures of Austrian external policy - the Crimean War and break-up with Russia, Austro-Sardinian War of 1859 against armies of the House of Savoy, and Napoleon III.

The setbacks continued in the 1860s with Austro-Prussian War of 1866. It resulted in Austrian-Hungarian Dualism in 1867.

Franz Joseph and his great-grandnephew Archduke Otto

In 1854 Franz Joseph married Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria ("Sisi" or "Sissi"). Their married life was not happy: not only Sissi could never really adapt herself to the court and always had disagreements with the Royal Family, but their first daughter Sophie died as an infant, while the only son, Crown Prince Rudolf died, allegedly by suicide, in 1889 in the infamous Mayerling episode with his young mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera. The Empress herself was stabbed to death by an Italian anarchist in 1898; Franz Joseph never fully recovered from the loss. According to the future Empress-Consort Zita of Bourbon-Parma, he usually told his relatives "You'll never know how important she was for me."

Franz Joseph built a villa named Villa Schratt in Bad Ischl for his mistress, Katharina Schratt, an actress with whom he had a long-standing relationship which was, to a certain degree, tolerated by Sissi.

In 1914 the heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, leading to World War I.

Franz Joseph died in 1916, aged 86, in the middle of the war. After the defeat in World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy dissolved into national states.

[edit] Issue

Monarchical Styles of Franz Josef of Austria Reference style His Imperial Majesty Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty Alternative style Sir

Styles of Franz Josef of Hungary Reference style His Apostolic Majesty Spoken style Your Apostolic Majesty Alternative style Sir

• Archduchess Sophie of Austria (1855 - 1857)
• Archduchess Gisela of Austria (1856 - 1932)
• Crown Prince Rudolf (1858 - 1889)
• Archduchess Marie-Valerie of Austria (1868 - 1924).

[edit] Ancestors

[edit] Legacy

The archipelago Franz Josef Land in the Russian high arctic was named in his honor in 1873. Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand's South Island also bears his name.

Franz Joseph founded in 1872 the Franz Joseph University (Hungarian: Ferenc József Tudományegyetem, Romanian: Universitatea Francisc Iosif) in the city of Cluj-Napoca (at that time a part of Austria-Hungary under the name of Kolozsvár). The university was moved to Szeged after Cluj rebecame a part of Romania, becoming the University of Szeged.

[edit] Official Grand Title of Franz Joseph I from 1849

Personal arms of Emperor Franz Joseph

His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty,

Franz Joseph I,

By the Grace of God, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia,

King of Lombardy-Venetia¹, of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria and Illyria; King of Jerusalem etc., Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Kraków, Duke of Lorraine, of Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and of the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, of Auschwitz (Oświęcim) and Zator, of Teschen (Cieszyn/Český Těšín), Friuli, Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Zara (Zadar); Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent (Trento) and Brixen; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro (Kotor), and in the Wendish Mark; Grand Voivode of the Voivodship of Serbia etc.

[edit] Personal Motto

Viribus Unitis - "With united forces".

[edit] Names in other languages

German: Franz Joseph; Czech: František Josef; Hungarian: Ferenc József; Polish: Franciszek Józef; Croatian: Franjo Josip; Slovenian: Franc Jožef; Slovak: František Jozef; Italian: Francesco Giuseppe; Romanian: Francisc Iosif; Serbian: Фрањо Јосип / Franjo Josip; Ukrainian: Франц Йосиф

[edit] Nicknames

Tomb of Franz Joseph I, flanked by wife Elisabeth and son Rudolf in the crypt beneath the Kapuzinerkirche, in Vienna.

Italian: Ceccobeppe, Cecco Beppe or Cecco Peppe (various dialectal forms) from shortened forms of Francesco Giuseppe, used mockingly, especially by Italian troops who fought during the Great War (World War I). There is also a pacifist poem written by Italian poet Trilussa, "Ninna nanna de la guerra" ("War's lullaby"), where Franz Joseph is called Cecco Peppe.[1]

Czech: Starej Procházka (Old Prochazka or "Walker") or František Procházka (Francis Procházka/"Walker"). Procházka is a common Czech surname which approximates to the English "Walker". It was applied to Franz Joseph after his visit to Prague in 1901 when a picture of him crossing a bridge on foot was published in Czech newspapers with the caption: "Strolling on a bridge" (Czech: "Procházka na mostě")). This, however, may be an urban legend. According to some historians, Franz Joseph was called Starej Procházka much earlier than 1901, the reason being that his arrival was being announced by a cavalryman named Procházka.

Hungarian: Ferenc Jóska, in which Jóska means Joey, mocking his young age when he became the ruler.

¹ removed from the title in 1866/1869 after the loss of the Italian countries.

[edit] External links

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Emperor Franz Joseph I

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Emperor Franz Joseph I

• Biography at WorldWar1.com
• Details at Regiments.org
• Genealogy
• Mayerling tragedy