Foscarnet

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Foscarnet
Systematic (IUPAC) name
phosphonomethanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	63585-09-1
ATC code	J05 AD01
PubChem	3415
DrugBank	APRD00669
Chemical data
Formula	C H₃O₅P
Mol. weight	126.005 g/mol 300.1 g/mol (foscarnet trisodium hexahydrate)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	NA
Protein binding	14-17%
Metabolism	?
Half life	3.3-6.8 hours
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B3 (Au), C (U.S.)
Legal status	℞-only (U.S.), POM (UK)
Routes	Intravenous

Foscarnet (marketed by AstraZeneca as foscarnet sodium under the trade name Foscavir®) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). It is particularly used to treat CMV retinitis.

[edit] Mechanism of action

Foscarnet is an organic analog of inorganic pyrophosphate that selectively inhibits the pyrophosphate binding site on viral DNA polymerases at concentrations that do not affect human DNA polymerases. Because foscarnet is not activated by thymidine kinase, it maintains activity in some viruses which have lost thymidine kinase activity to gain resistance to aciclovir or ganciclovir. Therefore, foscarnet is often used in aciclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant disease. However, acyclovir or ganciclovir resistant mutants with alterations in viral DNA polymerase may be resistant to foscarnet.

[edit] Administration

Intravenous only

[edit] Side effects

Antivirals (primarily J05A, also S01AD and D06BB) edit

Anti-herpesvirus agents		Aciclovir, Cidofovir, Docosanol, Famciclovir, Fomivirsen, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Idoxuridine, Penciclovir, Trifluridine, Tromantadine, Valaciclovir, Valganciclovir, Vidarabine
Anti-influenza agents		Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Rimantadine, Zanamivir

Antiretroviral drugs	NRTIs	Abacavir, Didanosine, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zalcitabine, Zidovudine
	NtRTIs	Tenofovir
	NNRTIs	Efavirenz, Delavirdine, Nevirapine
	PIs	Amprenavir, Atazanavir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Tipranavir
	Fusion inhibitors	Enfuvirtide

Other antiviral agents		Adefovir, Fomivirsen, Imiquimod, Inosine,Interferon, Podophyllotoxin, Ribavirin, Viramidine