Former Liang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sixteen Kingdoms. |
|---|
| 16 Kingdoms |
| Cheng Han |
| Han Zhao |
| Later Zhao |
| Former Liang |
| Later Liang |
| Western Liang |
| Northern Liang |
| Southern Liang |
| Former Qin |
| Later Qin |
| Western Qin |
| Former Yan |
| Later Yan |
| Northern Yan |
| Southern Yan |
| Xia |
| Not included in the 16 Kingdoms |
| Ran Wei |
| Western Shu |
| Western Yan |
| Duan |
| Yuwen |
| Chouchi |
| Wei (Dingling) |
| Dai |
| Huan Chu |
The Former Liang (Chinese: 前凉; pinyin: Qián Liáng; 320–376) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin dynasty (265–420) in China. It was founded by the Zhang family of the Han Chinese. Its territories included present-day Gansu and parts of Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai and Xinjiang.
All rulers of the Former Liang remained largely titularly under the court of the Jin dynasty as the Duke of Xiping except Zhang Zuo who proclaimed himself "wang" (prince/king). However, at times the other Former Liang rulers also used the wang title when imposed on them when they were forced to submit to Han Zhao, Later Zhao, or Former Qin.
[edit] Rulers of the Former Liang
| Temple names | Posthumous names | Family names and given name | Durations of reigns | Era names and their according durations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese convention: use family and given names | ||||
| Did not exist | Cheng (成 Chéng) | Zhang Mao (張茂 Zhāng Mào) | 320-324 | Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 320-324 |
| Did not exist | Zhongcheng (忠成 Zhōngchéng) | Zhang Jun (張駿 Zhāng Jùn) | 324-346 | Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 324-346 |
| Did not exist | Huan (桓 Huán) | Zhang Chonghua (張重華 Zhāng Chónghuá) | 346-353 | Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 346-353 |
| Did not exist | Ai (哀 āi) | Zhang Yaoling (張曜靈 Zhāng Yàolíng) | 3 months (the ninth to the twelfth month) in 353 | Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 353 |
| Did not exist | King Wei (威王 Wēi Wáng) | Zhang Zuo (張祚 Zhāng Zuò) | 353-355 | Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 353-354 |
| Did not exist | Jingdao (敬悼 Jìngdào) or Chong (沖 Chōng) | Zhang Xuanjing (張玄靚 Zhāng Xuánjìng) | 355-363 | Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 355-361 |
| Did not exist | Dao (悼 Dào) | Zhang Tianxi (張天錫 Zhāng Tiānxí) | 364-376 | Shengping (升平 Shēngpíng) 364-376 |
