Foreign relations of Montenegro

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Montenegro

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In a referendum on May 21, 2006, the people of Montenegro opted to leave the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. This was confirmed with a declaration of independence by the Montenegrin parliament on June 3, 2006, thus making the Republic of Montenegro the world's newest state. It simultaneously requested international recognition and outlined foreign policy goals.

As enumerated in the parliamentary declaration of June 3, 2006, Montenegro's near-term primary foreign policy objectives are integration into the European Union, membership in the United Nations, to which it was admitted on June 28, 2006 ^[1] and in NATO^[2].

The European Council of Ministers recognized Montenegrin independence on June 12, 2006, as did the United States. Russia gave official recognition on June 11. ^[3] The United Kingdom extended recognition on June 13. The last two permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, France and the People's Republic of China recognised the government of Montenegro on June 14.

Contents 1 Montenegro-Canada Relations 2 Montenegro-United States of America Relations 3 Membership in international organizations 4 States that have recognized the Republic of Montenegro 5 See also 6 External links 7 References

[edit] Montenegro-Canada Relations

Canadian Foreign Minister Peter MacKay wrote to Foreign Minister Miodrag Vlahović extending diplomatic recognition and agreeing to hold discussions on the establishment of diplomatic relations[1].

The Canadian Embassy in Belgrade is accredited to Montenegro, but exercises this authority in the absence of diplomatic relations.[2] There is currently no resident Montenegrin mission or representative in Canada.

[edit] Montenegro-United States of America Relations

The United States of America recognized the Republic of Montenegro on June 12, 2006, being among the first states to do so. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on August 15.

Relations between the two sides have rapidly developed since the establishment of diplomatic ties. On August 28, six U.S. Senators, John McCain (R-AZ), Saxby Chambliss (R-GA), Mel Martinez (R-FL), Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Richard Burr (R-NC) and John Sununu (R-NH), made an official visit to Montenegro. Their activities included a meeting with President Vujanovic and with the speaker of the Montenegrin parliament.[3].

Soon after the congressional visit, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld paid an official visit to Montenegro, seeking support for the War on Terror and overall American geopolitical goals in Europe.[4] Following the Secretary's meeting with Montenegrin Prime Minister Milo Djukanovic, it was announced that Montenegro had agreed in principle to aid the US efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan, although no specific pledges of aid were made.[5]. For his part, Secretary Rumsfeld stated that the United States supported Montenegro's desire to join NATO and would also assist in its acquiring membership in the Partnership for Peace programme.

Bilateral relations turned a new page on October 5 when the United States opened an embassy in Podgorica at a ceremony attended by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Rosemary DiCarlo, Montenegrin Foreign Minister Miodrag Vlahović, Mayor Miomir Mugoša and US Charge d'affaires Arlene Ferrill.

The USS Anzio of the United States Navy paid a port call at Tivat from October 23 to 26.[6]

Montenegro currently maintains a trade office in Washington, D.C. that is in the process of being upgraded to an embassy.

[edit] Membership in international organizations

Organisation	Application date	Admission date
International Telecommunications Union		21 June 2006 [7][8]
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe [9] [10]	5 June 2006 [11]	22 June 2006 [12]
United Nations [13]	5 June 2006	28 June 2006 [14] [15]
International Labour Organization (ILO)		18 July 2006 [16]
Universal Postal Union [17]		26 July 2006
Central European Initiative		2 August 2006 [18]
Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe	3 August 2006 [19]	[20]
World Health Organization (WHO)		14 September 2006 [21]
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)	27 July 2006 [22]	22 September 2006 [23]
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) [24]		16 October 2006 [25]
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)		25 October 2006[26]
NATO's Partnership for Peace [27]	30 August 2006 [28]	14 December 2006 [29]
Council of Europe [30]	6 June 2006 [31]	request transmitted to Parliamentary Assembly [32] - expected early 2007 [33]
World Trade Organization	10 December 2004 [34]
International Monetary Fund (IMF)	18 July 2006 [35]
World Bank (IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA)	3 August 2006 [36]
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) [37]		10 October 2006 [38]
Southeast European Cooperative Initiative
Southeast European Cooperation Process
Black Sea Economic Co-operation
European Civil Aviation Conference
EUROCONTROL
Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE)
International Organisation for Migration		28 November 2006 [39]
Full NATO Membership
Full European Union Membership
International Sports Organisations
International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)		27 July 2006 [40]
International Handball Federation (IHF)		7 August 2006 [41]
International Swimming Federation (FINA)		21 August 2006 [42]
International Tennis Federation (ITF)		24 August 2006 [43]
International Basketball Federation (FIBA)		27 August 2006 [44]
International Volleyball Federation (FIVB)		23 October 2006 [45]
International Football Federation (FIFA)	30 June 2006	Likely in May 2007 [46]
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)	30 June 2006	provisional member since 5 October 2006 [47] full membership likely in January 2007 [48]
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)

• On June 28, 2006, Montenegro has been added to the American Radio Relay League's DXCC List as the 336th entry based on membership in the UN. [49]
• While the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) does not have members, per se, it is assumed that Montenegro will be assigned its own domain soon. This will happen after the assignment of an ISO 3166-1 code. It currently shares the domain .yu with Serbia. Expected two-letter code for Montenegro is "ME", three-letter code "MNE".
• Montenegro acceded to the Geneva Conventions on August 2, 2006.[50]
• Montenegro now has its own telephone country code, 382 [51]

[edit] States that have recognized the Republic of Montenegro

#	Country	Recognition of the Republic of Montenegro	Establishment of Diplomatic Relations	Status of Diplomatic Mission in Montenegro	Status of Diplomatic Mission in the country	Sources
1	Iceland	8 June 2006	26 September 2006			[52][53]
2	Switzerland	9 June 2006				[54]
3	Russia	11 June 2006	26 June 2006	Embassy		[55][56][57]
4	Bulgaria	12 June 2006	2 August 2006	Embassy, 11 December 2006 3		[58][59]
5	Croatia	12 June 2006	7 July 2006	Consulate (Kotor) 3		[60][61]
6	Republic of Macedonia	12 June 2006	14 June 2006	Embassy, 31 July 2006		[62][63]
Note 0	EU	12 June 2006				[64]
7	Estonia †	12 June 2006	13 June 2006			[65][66]
8	Latvia †	12 June 2006				[67][68]
9	Austria †	12 June 2006	12 July 2006	Embassy, 12 July 2006 Consulate (Budva) 3		[69][70][71]
10	Turkey	12 June 2006	3 July 2006			[72][73]
11	Malta †	12 June 2006	19 July 2006			[74][75]
12	Hungary †	12 June 2006	14 June 2006	Embassy, 12 July 2006 Consulate (Herceg Novi) 3		[76][77][78]
13	Czech Republic †	12 June 2006	15 June 2006	Consular Agency 4		[79][80]
14	United States	12 June 2006	15 August 2006	Embassy 05 October 2006	Trade Office (Washington, D.C.) 3	[81], [82]
15	United Kingdom †	13 June 2006	13 June 2006	Representative Office, soon to be an embassy		[83][84]
16	Canada	13 June 2006				[85]
17	Albania	13 June 2006	1 August 2006			[86][87][88]
18	Romania	13 June 2006	9 August 2006	Consulate-General 2, 3		[89][90][91]
19	Slovakia †	13 June 2006	22 August 2006			[92][93]
20	Greece †	13 June 2006	18 December 2006	Consulate-General 2, 3		[94][95]
21	Luxembourg †	13 June 2006	21 September 2006			[96] [97]
22	Singapore	14 June 2006	30 June 2006			[98][99]
23	France †	14 June 2006	?	Embassy		[100][101]
24	Sweden †	14 June 2006	26 June 2006			[102], [103]
25	People's Republic of China	14 June 2006	6 July 2006	Embassy, 7 July 2006		[104][105][106][107]
26	Italy †	14 June 2006		Consulate-General 2 (Bar) 3		[108][109]
27	Bosnia and Herzegovina	14 June 2006	14 September 2006			[110][111]
28	Armenia	14 June 2006	8 November 2006			[112][113]
29	Germany †	14 June 2006	14 June 2006	Embassy, 22 June 2006 6	Mission (Berlin) 3	[114] [115] [116]
30	Denmark †	15 June 2006	?	Consulate (Podgorica) 3		[117] [118]
31	Brazil	15 June 2006	20 October 2006			[119][120]
32	Ukraine	15 June 2006	22 August 2006			[121][122][123]
33	Serbia	15 June 2006	22 June 2006			[124][125][126]
34	Japan	16 June 2006	24 July 2006			[127][128][129]
35	Norway	16 June 2006	?			[130][131]
36	Israel	16 June 2006	12 July 2006			[132][133][134]
37	Spain †	16 June 2006	16 June 2006			[135][136]
38	Cyprus †	16 June 2006				[137][138]
39	Netherlands †	16 June 2006	14 September 2006			[139][140]
40	Andorra	16 June 2006	28 July 2006 7			[141]
41	Portugal †	19 June 2006				[142][143]
42	Democratic Republic of the Congo	19 June 2006				[144]
43	Algeria	20 June 2006				[145]
44	Slovenia †	20 June 2006	21 June 2006	Embassy, 23 June 2006	Embassy	[146] [147] [148] [149] [150] [151]
45	Ireland †	20 June 2006				[152]
46	Republic of Korea	21 June 2006	4 September 2006			[153][154][155]
47	Liechtenstein	21 June 2006				[156]
48	Holy See	21 June 2006				[157]
49	Moldova	22 June 2006				[158]
50	Tajikistan	22 June 2006	23 August 2006			[159][160]
51	Lithuania †	23 June 2006	18 July 2006			[161][162][163]
52	Libya	23 June 2006				[164][165]
53	Poland †	26 June 2006	3 July 2006			[166][167]
54	Belarus	27 June 2006	9 August 2006			[168][169][170]
55	Australia	27 June 2006	1 September 2006			[171][172]
56	Chile	27 June 2006	24 July 2006			[173][174]
57	Vietnam	28 June 2006	4 August 2006			[175][176] [177]
58	Finland †	29 June 2006	12 July 2006			[178][179][180]
59	Morocco	30 June 2006				[181]
60	Pakistan	30 June 2006				[182][183]
61	Iran	3 July 2006				[184][185]
62	Cuba	11 July 2006	24 October 2006			[186][187]
63	Cambodia	12 July 2006				[188]
64	New Zealand	17 July 2006				[189]
65	Belgium †	18 July 2006	25 July 2006		Mission (Brussels) 3	[190][191]
66	Peru	18 July 2006	14 September 2006			[192][193]
67	Tunisia	19 July 2006				[194]
68	Mexico	19 July 2006				[195]
69	Indonesia	24 July 2006				[196]
70	Kazakhstan	25 July 2006				[197]
71	Malaysia	25 July 2006	17 August 2006			[198][199]
Note 5	Palestine	1 August 2006	1 August 2006			[200]
72	India	2 August 2006	15 September 2006	Honorary Consulate-General 2, 3		[201][202]
73	Laos	10 August 2006				[203]
74	Thailand	16 August 2006				[204]
75	Samoa	22 August 2006				[205]
76	Afghanistan	25 August 2006				[206]
77	Suriname	5 September 2006				[207]
Note 5	Sovereign Military Order of Malta	5 September 2006	5 September 2006			[208]
78	Sudan	9 September 2006				[209]
79	Argentina	12 September 2006	18 September 2006			[210]
80	Syria	14 September 2006				[211]
81	Guatemala	27 September 2006	27 September 2006			[212]
82	Egypt	27 September 2006				[213]
83	Oman	6 October 2006				[214]
84	South Africa	11 October 2006	11 October 2006			[215]
85	Panama	24 October 2006				[216][217]
86	Qatar	24 October 2006	21 November 2006			[218][219][220]
87	Guinea	17 November 2006	17 November 2006			[221]
88	Mongolia	1 December 2006	1 December 2006			[222]
89	Myanmar	8 December 2006	8 December 2006			[223]

† indicates EU member state

⁰ Despite the official recognition by European Union's foreign ministers, every member state had to recognise Montenegro individually, as well.[224].
¹ Embassy Branch Office of a Belgrade resident embassy that is currently formally accredited to Montenegro. (established during the former Union State of Serbia and Montenegro)
² Consulate-General situated in Podgorica (unless otherwise noted). Some are honorary missions without diplomatic status.
³ pre-2006, as part of Serbia & Montenegro
⁴ post-independence, consulate opened after gaining independence
⁵ not an independent sovereign state
⁶ Source: Email from German Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs
⁷ Source: Email from Embassy of Andorra in Brussels
Official sources, where available, are listed first followed by news sources.

[edit] See also

• Foreign relations of Serbia and Montenegro

[edit] External links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Montenegro
• Embassies and consulates in and of the Republic of Montenegro
• Consulate of the United States of America in Podgorica
• The Njegoskij Fund Public Project >> Today's Montenegro

[edit] References

1. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060628/wl_nm/montenegro_un_dc_2
2. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060604/ap_on_re_eu/montenegro_independence_4
3. ^ http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=32995