Flo-Master
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flo-Master was a popular brand of inks and markers in the latter half of the 20th century, remembered particularly for its colorful opaque inks, designed for marking on glass, which became weapons of choice among New York City subway graffiti artists of the 1970s and early-1980s.
Cushman & Denison first introduced Flo-Master "refillable markers" in 1951, which targeted store owners and advertizers with limited success. In 1953, Esterbrook America took over the company in the United States, and Esterbrook Pens and Cushman & Denison merged in 1960 in the United Kingdom. To counter a precipitous fall-off in its business following World War II, Esterbrook worked to develop new and innovative products, and the years 1960 to 1967 saw steady progress. Under the Gem brand name, the company launched its highly successful Mark I line of products, featuring the "Valve Marker" and the "Permanent Pen." Flo-Master brand inks were used in many of these products, and was also sold separately for refills, marketed in handy tin cans equipped with "needle-nose" plastic nozzles. In 1967, the Venus Pencil Company bought out the Esterbrook Pen Company, resulting in the formation of Venus Esterbrook.
When street-writing took to the subways in New York City at the start of the 1970s, Flo-Master opaque inks were the natural choice for graffiti artists, as they adhered to virtually any surface permanently, and were not only opaque on glass, but covered up pre-existing writing as well. These unique properties allowed subway writers to "toy out" rivals, obliterating old "tags" with new ones. Flo-Master inks were not only colorful and durable; in addition, the design of their cans allowed for portability, quick refilling and artful "pointing" and "edging" of "Uni-Wide" and "Midi-Wide" markers -- designed for "ribbon"-style writing on glass -- which were extremely popular with early graffiti writers as well.
Due to its high lead content -- the ingredient which gave Flo-Master inks their distinctive attributes -- production was suspended by regulation, and the once bright and durable Flo-Master inks faded from history, contributing to the end the Golden Age of American graffiti by the mid-1980s.
