Flail (agriculture)
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A flail is an agricultural tool used for threshing, to separate grains from their husks.
Normally it is made from two or more sticks attached by a short chain or leather thong; one stick is held and swung, causing the other to strike a pile of grain, loosening the husks. The precise dimensions and shape of a flail would have been developed by generations of farmers to suit the particular grain they were harvesting. For example, flails used by farmers in Quebec to process wheat were generally made from two pieces of wood, the handle being about 1.5 m long by 3 cm in diameter, and the second stick being about 1 m long by about 3 cm in diameter, with a slight taper towards the end. Flails for other grains, such as rice or spelt, would have had different dimensions.
Flails have generally fallen into disuse in many nations because of the availability of technologies such as combine harvesters that require much less manual labour. However, in many jurisdictions, such as Minnesota, wild rice can only be harvested using manual means, specifically through the use of a canoe and a flail that is made of smooth, round wood no more than 30 inches long.
As with most agricultural tools, flails were often used as weapons by farmers who may lack a better weapon. The French revolution was mostly fought with agricultural tools. A short flail used in Chinese martial arts is normally called the nunchaku.
[edit] Flail and crook
Probably because of its use in judiciary flagellation, the flail is depicted along side the shepherd’s “crook” as symbols of office for the crowned Egyptian Pharaoh, likely representing the living God's authority to judge and punish his subjects.
