Flagrant foul
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A flagrant foul is a serious contact foul involving unnecessary and/or excessive and/or intentional contact in sport. There is a specific National Basketball Association foul termed a flagrant foul.
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[edit] NBA flagrant fouls
In basketball, a personal foul is a breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent. The NBA flagrant foul rule was enacted in the 1990's as an attempt to deter contact which, in addition to being against the rules, puts an opponent's safety and health at risk. The terminology in the NBA rulebook for contact that puts safety and health at risk is unnecessary and/or excessive contact.
[edit] Types of flagrant fouls
The flagrant foul rule is described in several subsections of NBA Rule Number 12. The most extensive section is 12B (Personal Fouls) Section IV (Flagrant Fouls). There are two types of flagrant fouls defined. Type 2 is more serious than Type 1. A type 2 flagrant foul results in immediate ejection, whereas two Type 1 flagrant fouls are required before the player is ejected. Although the delineation between these two rules has evolved, the general distinction has been whether the excessive contact was intentional.
[edit] Fines associated with flagrant fouls
Over the course of the season flagrant fouls accrue increasingly steep monetary fines at the sole discretion of the Commissioner.
[edit] Flagrant fouls and game tactics
Within a game, the presence of the flagrant foul rule helps to deter undesired play (usually as the game winds down) by awarding possession of the ball as an extra penalty. A simple personal foul will generally result in either free throws or possession of the ball depending on the number of accumulated team fouls. However, a flagrant foul will result in both the award of free throws and subsequent possession. Thus, when a trailing team is employing a tactic of slowing the game down by fouling, it must be careful not to use unnecessary and/or excessive contact, even though such fouls are intentional by definition, or it will give its opponent both free throws & the ball back and defeat its own tactic.
[edit] Other sports
A flagrant foul is a general term in sports that refers to an intentional or excessive foul. Many sports have two levels of flagrant fouls. In American Football, such fouls generally result in either an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty or ejection. In Football, such fouls generally result in either a yellow card or a red card being issued. In Ice Hockey, such fouls sometimes result in either a boarding or Attempt to injure (or other) infraction being called and may result in either a major or Game misconduct penalty.
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