User:Femto/elements e4

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Contents

[edit] scandium

21 calcium ← scandium → titanium
-
↑
Sc
↓
Y
General
Name, Symbol, Number scandium, Sc, 21
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 3, 4, d
Appearance silvery white
Atomic mass 44.955910(8) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 2.985 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 2.80 g·cm−3
Melting point 1814 K
(1541 °C, 2806 °F)
Boiling point 3109 K
(2836 °C, 5136 °F)
Heat of fusion 14.1 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 332.7 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 25.52 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1645 1804 (2006) (2266) (2613) (3101)
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 3
(weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.36 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 633.1 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1235.0 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2388.6 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 160 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 184 pm
Covalent radius 144 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering  ???
Electrical resistivity (r.t.) (α, poly)
calc. 562 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 15.8 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (r.t.) (α, poly)
10.2 µm/(m·K)
Young's modulus 74.4 GPa
Shear modulus 29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus 56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.279
Brinell hardness 750 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-20-2
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
45Sc 100% Sc is stable with 24 neutrons
46Sc syn 83.79 days β- 2.367 46Ti
References


[edit] titanium

22 scandium ← titanium → vanadium
-
↑
Ti
↓
Zr
General
Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d
Appearance silvery metallic
Atomic mass 47.867(1) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d2 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 4.506 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 4.11 g·cm−3
Melting point 1941 K
(1668 °C, 3034 °F)
Boiling point 3560 K
(3287 °C, 5949 °F)
Heat of fusion 14.15 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 425 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 25.060 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1982 2171 (2403) 2692 3064 3558
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 4
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.54 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 658.8 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1309.8 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2652.5 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 140 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 176 pm
Covalent radius 136 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering  ???
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 0.420 µΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 21.9 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 8.6 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) 5090  m·s−1
Young's modulus 116 GPa
Shear modulus 44 GPa
Bulk modulus 110 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.32
Mohs hardness 6.0
Vickers hardness 970 MPa
Brinell hardness 716 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-32-6
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
44Ti syn 63 y ε 0.268 44Sc
46Ti 8.0% Ti is stable with 24 neutrons
47Ti 7.3% Ti is stable with 25 neutrons
48Ti 73.8% Ti is stable with 26 neutrons
49Ti 5.5% Ti is stable with 27 neutrons
50Ti 5.4% Ti is stable with 28 neutrons
References


[edit] vanadium

23 titanium ← vanadium → chromium
-
↑
V
↓
Nb
General
Name, Symbol, Number vanadium, V, 23
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 5, 4, d
Appearance silvery gray metallic
Atomic mass 50.9415(1) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 11, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 6.0 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 5.5 g·cm−3
Melting point 2183 K
(1910 °C, 3470 °F)
Boiling point 3680 K
(3407 °C, 6165 °F)
Heat of fusion 21.5 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 459 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 24.89 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 2101 2289 2523 2814 3187 3679
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic body centered
Oxidation states 5, 3
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.63 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 650.9 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1414 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2830 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 135 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 171 pm
Covalent radius 125 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering  ???
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 197 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 30.7 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 8.4 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 4560 m/s
Young's modulus 128 GPa
Shear modulus 47 GPa
Bulk modulus 160 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.37
Mohs hardness 7.0
Vickers hardness 628 MPa
Brinell hardness 628 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-62-2
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
48V syn 15.9735 days ε 4.012 48Ti
49V syn 330 days ε 0.602 49Ti
50V syn 1.4E17 y ε 2.208 50Ti
50V syn 1.4E17 y β 1.037 50Cr
51V 100% V is stable with 28 neutrons
References


[edit] chromium

24 vanadium ← chromium → manganese
-
↑
Cr
↓
Mo
General
Name, Symbol, Number chromium, Cr, 24
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 6, 4, d
Appearance silvery metallic
Atomic mass 51.9961(6) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 13, 1
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 7.15 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 6.3 g·cm−3
Melting point 2180 K
(1907 °C, 3465 °F)
Boiling point 2944 K
(2671 °C, 4840 °F)
Heat of fusion 21.0 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 339.5 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 23.35 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1656 1807 1991 2223 2530 2942
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic body centered
Oxidation states 6, 3, 2
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.66 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 652.9 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1590.6 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2987 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 140 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 166 pm
Covalent radius 127 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering  ???
Magnetic ordering AFM (rather: SDW)
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 125 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 93.9 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 4.9 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 5940 m/s
Young's modulus 279 GPa
Shear modulus 115 GPa
Bulk modulus 160 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.21
Mohs hardness 8.5
Vickers hardness 1060 MPa
Brinell hardness 1120 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-47-3
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
50Cr syn > 1.8 E17 y ε  ? 50Ti
51Cr syn 27.7025 d ε 0.753 51V
52Cr 83.789% Cr is stable with 28 neutrons
53Cr 9.501% Cr is stable with 29 neutrons
54Cr 2.365% Cr is stable with 30 neutrons
References


[edit] manganese

25 chromium ← manganese → iron
-
↑
Mn
↓
Tc
General
Name, Symbol, Number manganese, Mn, 25
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 7, 4, d
Appearance silvery metallic
Atomic mass 54.938049(9) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 13, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 7.21 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 5.95 g·cm−3
Melting point 1519 K
(1246 °C, 2275 °F)
Boiling point 2334 K
(2061 °C, 3742 °F)
Heat of fusion 12.91 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 221 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 26.32 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1228 1347 1493 1691 1955 2333
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic body centered
Oxidation states 7, 6, 4, 2, 3
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.55 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 717.3 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1509.0 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3248 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 140 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 161 pm
Covalent radius 139 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 1.44 µΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 7.81 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 21.7 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 5150 m/s
Young's modulus 198 GPa
Bulk modulus 120 GPa
Mohs hardness 6.0
Brinell hardness 196 MPa
CAS registry number 7439-96-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
52Mn syn 5.591 d ε 4.712 52Cr
53Mn syn 3.74 million years ε 0.597 53Cr
54Mn syn 312.3 d ε 1.377 54Cr
54Mn syn 312.3 d β- 0.697 54Fe
55Mn 100% Mn is stable with 30 neutrons
References


[edit] iron

26 manganese ← iron → cobalt
-
↑
Fe
↓
Ru
General
Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d
Appearance lustrous metallic
with a grayish tinge
Atomic mass 55.845(2) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d6 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 14, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 7.86 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 6.98 g·cm−3
Melting point 1811 K
(1538 °C, 2800 °F)
Boiling point 3134 K
(2861 °C, 5182 °F)
Heat of fusion 13.81 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 340 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 25.10 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1728 1890 2091 2346 2679 3132
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic body centered
Oxidation states 2, 3, 4, 6
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.83 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 762.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1561.9 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2957 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 140 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 156 pm
Covalent radius 125 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering ferromagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 96.1 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 80.4 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 11.8 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) (electrolytic)
5120  m·s−1
Young's modulus 211 GPa
Shear modulus 82 GPa
Bulk modulus 170 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.29
Mohs hardness 4.0
Vickers hardness 608 MPa
Brinell hardness 490 MPa
CAS registry number 7439-89-6
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
54Fe 5.8% Fe is stable with 28 neutrons
55Fe syn 2.73 y ε capture 0.231 55Mn
56Fe 91.72% Fe is stable with 30 neutrons
57Fe 2.2% Fe is stable with 31 neutrons
58Fe 0.28% Fe is stable with 32 neutrons
59Fe syn 44.503 d β 1.565 59Co
60Fe syn 1.5E6 y β- 3.978 60Co
References


[edit] cobalt

27 iron ← cobalt → nickel
-
↑
Co
↓
Rh
General
Name, Symbol, Number cobalt, Co, 27
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 9, 4, d
Appearance metallic with gray tinge
Atomic mass 58.933200(9) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d7 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 15, 2
Physical properties
Density (near r.t.) 8.90 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 7.75 g·cm−3
Melting point 1768 K
(1495 °C, 2723 °F)
Boiling point 3200 K
(2927 °C, 5301 °F)
Heat of fusion 16.06 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 377 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 24.81 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1790 1960 2165 2423 2755 3198
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 2, 3
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.88 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 760.4 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1648 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3232 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 135 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 152 pm
Covalent radius 126 pm
Miscellaneous
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 62.4 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 100 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 13.0 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 4720 m/s
Young's modulus 209 GPa
Shear modulus 75 GPa
Bulk modulus 180 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.31
Mohs hardness 5.0
Vickers hardness 1043 MPa
Brinell hardness 700 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-48-4
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
56Co syn 77.27 d ε 4.566 56Fe
57Co syn 271.79 d ε 0.836 57Fe
58Co syn 70.86 d ε 2.307 58Fe
59Co 100% Co is stable with 32 neutrons
60 syn 5.2714 years β- 2.824 60Ni
References


[edit] nickel

28 cobalt ← nickel → copper
-
↑
Ni
↓
Pd
General
Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d
Appearance lustrous, metallic
Atomic mass 58.6934(2) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d8 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 16, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 8.908 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 7.81 g·cm−3
Melting point 1728 K
(1455 °C, 2651 °F)
Boiling point 3186 K
(2913 °C, 5275 °F)
Heat of fusion 17.48 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 377.5 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 26.07 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1783 1950 2154 2410 2741 3184
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic face centered
Oxidation states 2, 3
(mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.91 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 737.1 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1753.0 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3395 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 135 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 149 pm
Covalent radius 121 pm
Van der Waals radius 163 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering ferromagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 69.3 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 90.9 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 13.4 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) 4900  m·s−1
Young's modulus 200 GPa
Shear modulus 76 GPa
Bulk modulus 180 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.31
Mohs hardness 4.0
Vickers hardness 638 MPa
Brinell hardness 700 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-02-0
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
56Ni syn 6.077 d ε  ? 56Co
56Ni syn 6.077 d γ 0.158, 0.811 ??
58Ni 68.077% Ni is stable with 30 neutrons
59Ni syn 76000 y ε  ? 59Co
60Ni 26.233% Ni is stable with 32 neutrons
61Ni 1.14% Ni is stable with 33 neutrons
62Ni 3.634% Ni is stable with 34 neutrons
63Ni syn 100.1 y β- 0.0669 63Cu
64Ni 0.926% Ni is stable with 36 neutrons
64Ni 0.926% Ni is stable with 36 neutrons
References


[edit] copper

29 nickel ← copper → zinc
-
↑
Cu
↓
Ag
General
Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d
Appearance copper, metallic
Atomic mass 63.546(3) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 8.96 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 8.02 g·cm−3
Melting point 1357.77 K
(1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F)
Boiling point 2835 K
(2562 °C, 4643 °F)
Heat of fusion 13.26 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 300.4 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 24.440 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2836
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic face centered
Oxidation states 2, 1
(mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.90 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 745.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3555 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 135 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 145 pm
Covalent radius 138 pm
Van der Waals radius 140 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 16.78 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 401 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 16.5 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) (annealed)
3810  m·s−1
Young's modulus 130 GPa
Shear modulus 48 GPa
Bulk modulus 140 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.34
Mohs hardness 3.0
Vickers hardness 369 MPa
Brinell hardness 874 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-50-8
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
63Cu 69.17% Cu is stable with 34 neutrons
65Cu 30.83% Cu is stable with 36 neutrons
References


[edit] zinc

30 copper ← zinc → gallium
-
↑
Zn
↓
Cd
General
Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d
Appearance bluish pale gray
Atomic mass 65.409(4) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 7.14 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 6.57 g·cm−3
Melting point 692.68 K
(419.53 °C, 787.15 °F)
Boiling point 1180 K
(907 °C, 1665 °F)
Heat of fusion 7.32 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 123.6 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 25.390 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 610 670 750 852 990 (1185)
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 2
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.65 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 906.4 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1733.3 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3833 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 135 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 142 pm
Covalent radius 131 pm
Van der Waals radius 139 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 59.0 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 116 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 30.2 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) (rolled) 3850  m·s−1
Young's modulus 108 GPa
Shear modulus 43 GPa
Bulk modulus 70 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.25
Mohs hardness 2.5
Brinell hardness 412 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-66-6
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e4
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
64Zn 48.6% Zn is stable with 34 neutrons
65Zn syn 244.26 d ε  ? 65Cu
65Zn syn 244.26 d γ 1.1155 ??
66Zn 27.9% Zn is stable with 36 neutrons
67Zn 4.1% Zn is stable with 37 neutrons
68Zn 18.8% Zn is stable with 38 neutrons
70Zn 0.6% Zn is stable with 40 neutrons
References


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