Farm collie

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The old farm collie was not a dog breed in the modern sense of having an organized breed club and registry. It was a North American landrace descended primarily from the old working collie landrace of Great Britain. Photo evidence from the 1800s and early 1900s indicates that the North American old farm collie was variable in type, probably showing the whole phenotypic range from Roman cattle dog type to herding spitz type. Some individuals may have shown the influence of other types as well, such as setter, retriever, or greyhound. Some individual family lines may have been uniform in type, and in many geographical areas certain types of collies became common due to the popularity of local family lines, or to the population being isolated by distance or other geographical barriers.

The decline of the old farm collie landrace apparently began with the rise of formal kennel club registries and the subsequent creation of the modern idea of pure breeds. By the early 1900s, some people were worried about the future of the old farm collie. Other breeds such as the trial-bred Border Collie and show-bred Rough Collie were popular and seemed to be replacing the old farm collie. In addition, farmers may have used individuals from these and other registered breeds to upgrade existing old farm collie stock, as was commonly practiced in livestock breeding.

At least two pure breeds were developed from the old North American farm collie landrace during the early decades of the 20th century: the English Shepherd and the Australian Shepherd. After World War II, agriculture in North America began changing rapidly. The old farm collie as the common stock dog across North America seems to have disappeared between the 1940s and 1960s. There have been recent attempts to recognize a breed of "Farm Collie," but it is unclear how these dogs are substantially different from other mixed collie breeds such as Scotch Collies or English Collies.