Farleigh Hungerford

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Farleigh Hungerford Castle gateway

Farleigh Hungerford (grid reference ST800576) is a village in Somerset, England, 9 miles southeast of Bath, 3½ miles west of Trowbridge on A366, in the valley of the River Frome.

It is a small village noted for the ruins of Farleigh Hungerford Castle, which is now a ruin, but played a significant part in the English Civil War. There is some evidence of occupation during Roman times; the foundations of a villa were excavated in a field just north west of the castle in 1822.

The village is the venue for the annual Trowbridge Village Pump Festival.

1 Early history
2 Farleigh House
3 English Civil War
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Early history

The manor was called Farleigh Montfort from just after the conquest when it was owned by the Norman family, the Montforts, until the fourteenth century. Then Reginald de Montfort sold the estate to one of Edward III’s soldiers whose family held it only for about a quarter of a century. In 1369 AD Sir Thomas de Hungerford bought the house from the childless daughter of the recently deceased squire, and the house later came to be known as Farleigh Hungerford.^[1]

It is the location of Farleigh Hungerford Castle, built around 1370 and owned by English Heritage and the former home of Sir Thomas Hungerford, Speaker of the British House of Commons. In the early 15th century, his son, Sir Walter Hungerford, enlarged the castle by adding the outer court that enclosed the parish church, grade II* listed St Leonard's which he used as his chapel.^[2] It is thought that he built the present parish church nearby to replace it.^[3]

[edit] Farleigh House

Farleigh House is a large country house, previously the centre of the Farleigh Hungerford estate, and has sometimes been called Farleigh New Castle. Indeed, it was largely built with stone taken from the ruins of the mediaeval Castle itself. A Trowbridge clothier, Joseph Houlton, bought the Farleigh estate in 1702. His son, Joseph Houlton, Junior, lived at the Home Farm, an old gabled house, which he completely rebuilt and turned into Farleigh House, a modest gentleman's residence complete with a 120-acre deer park. In 1806, Colonel John Houlton inherited the estate. He enlarged and altered the house in the fashionable Gothic Revival style spending £40,000 - several million in today‘s values - on extensions to the main house, a chapel, hot houses, conservatories, stables and six lodges. Most of the present house dates from that period. One of the lodges was called the Castle Lodge and is now the Bath Lodge Hotel.

The Houlton family remained at Farleigh Hungerford until 1899, when Sir Edward Houlton died with no male heir. The estate was sold in 1906 to Lord Cairns and later passed through several hands. In the 1950s and 1960s, Farleigh House and its estate were owned by the Hely-Hutchinson family, a cadet branch of the Hely-Hutchinsons, Earls of Donoughmore. In 1970, the main house and a number of cottages were sold to Ravenscroft School, which had previously been based in nearby Beckington Castle. In about 1980, the headmaster of Ravenscroft School, Mr John Gillam, also bought much of the Farleigh Hungerford estate. In 1997, Ravenscroft School closed and the house became Farleigh College, a new special school, but that subsequently moved to other premises near Mells.

Farleigh House is now the headquarters of an optical company called Inspecs.

[edit] English Civil War

In the Civil War, the Lord Hungerford commanded the Parliamentary forces of Wiltshire. His half brother was a Royalist and was given the command of the garrison of Farleigh in 1644. However he surrendered to his brother without fighting in 1645. A later Lord Hungerford entertained Charles II of England at Farleigh in about 1675, although originally he had been a supporter of Parliament and a friend of Oliver Cromwell. After the discovery of the Rye House Plot in 1683, the catle was raided by the government and weapons were seized.^[4]

Enclosed by a curtain wall with a cylindrical tower at each corner, the squarish inner bailey contained a selection of domestic buildings. Today only two of the towers and some sections of the curtain wall survive. The south west tower stands almost to its full height of five storeys in places, but the south east tower exists only a little more than its third floor.^[5] It is a grade I listed building.^[6]

Wade and Wade in their 1929 book "Somerset" described it; "The ruins stand on the shoulder of a deep defile descending into a wooded bottom called Danes' Ditch. The annals of the castle are long rather than stirring. An old manor house of the Montforts was transformed into a castle by Sir Walter Hungerford (d. 1449), who spent upon the alterations the ransom which he had obtained for the capture of the Duke of Orleans at the Battle of Agincourt. In the Great Rebellion it was, curiously enough, held for the king whilst its owner was commanding the Parliamentary forces in Wilts. To one of the existing towers a grim story is attached. In the unchivalrous days of Henry VIII. a Sir W. Hungerford, who, like his royal master, was a much married man, consigned his third wife to these uninviting quarters, and kept her under lock and key, with a chaplain for her only attendant. The lady, however, not only survived this knightly Bluebeard, but had the courage to contract a second marriage. The general arrangements of the castle are not very obvious to the casual observer. It seems to have consisted of a gatehouse and an outer and inner court. The inner enclosure was flanked by four cylindrical towers, and contained the dwelling-rooms, which overlooked the ravine. On its accessible side the castle was protected by a moat. Nothing now remains but the gatehouse, a few fragments of the enclosing walls, the remains of two towers, and the chapel. Passing under the gatehouse, the visitor will see the chapel and inner court on the R. The Chapel of St Leonard (keys to be obtained at inn above, fee 3d.) is now a museum, and contains a good collection of armour. Amongst other curiosities on show are a "He" Bible, a pair of Cromwell's boots, and one of his letters. A gigantic fresco of St George adorns the E. wall, and beneath the E. window is the original stone altar. The Chapel of St Anne, on the N., is shut off by an iron grille, and contains some fine monuments: (1) in centre, a costly marble cenotaph with effigies of Sir E. Hungerford, the Parliamentarian, and his wife Margaret (1648), (2) within the grille, Sir T. Hungerford and his wife Joan (1398-1412), (3) on N., Sir E. Hungerford and wife (1607), (4) against W. wall, tomb of Mrs Shaa (1613), with panel of kneeling figures. In the S.E. corner of main building is a plain altar-tomb of Sir W. Hungerford and son (1596). The font is said to have been brought from the church. At its foot is a slab with incised figure of a chantry priest of unknown identity. Beneath the side chapel is a vault (to which access can be obtained outside) containing the leaded corpses of several members of the family. The parish church of St Leonard stands on the other side of the road on rising ground overlooking the ruins. It is a small plain Perp. building with square W. tower surmounted by a short pyramidal spire. It is somewhat quaint, but contains nothing of interest except an altar made out of an ancient settle. Over the doorway is a semicircular stone bearing a curious Latin inscription, said to be not later than 1200 A.D. It is supposed to have belonged either to an earlier building or to some dismantled church in the neighbourhood."^[7]