Fairlie, North Ayrshire
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Fairlie is a village in North Ayrshire, Scotland and has a population of just under 1000.
Fairlie is aa small village situated on the North Ayrshire coast, approximately 2/3 miles South of Largs. It is a charming village with a natural beauty, nestling between hills to the East and the Firth of Clyde to the West, looking directly towards the Cumbraes, two small islands, just off Fairlie. Fairlie also has a magnificent view of the Isle of Arran.
King David I appointed Sir Richard de Morville, a Norman, to hold land in Scotland. He became High Constable of Scotland and Lord of Cunninghame, Largs and Lauderdale. This piece of land was sub-divided among Richard's relatives and friends, and, in the 13th century the land of Fairlie was held by the de Ros (or Ross) family of Tarbert, the land to the North was held by the Boyles and to the South by the Sempills.
It was one of the sons of the Ross family who built the Castle and adopted the name Fairlie. The family continued to live in the Castle until the 17th century, but by the end of the 19th century the castle was in ruins. (The Castle has now (1999) been sold and is to be converted into a dwelling).
The land to the South of Fairlie Burn, held by the Sempills, was never held by the Fairlie family and is actually in the Parish of West Kilbride. The Montgomerie family latterly held the estate (Southannan). The original building of Southannan House or Castle was demolished in the 18th century and the present house was built some time later.
To the North of Fairlie are the Kelburn lands, with a fine castle, where members of the Boyville (Boyle) family have been since the 12th century. A David Boyle was honoured in 1703 by being created Viscount Kelburn and Earl of Glasgow. One of the later Earls, in 1850, had a wall built round the estate to give work to the poor people of the area. The present Earl has greatly improved and developed the estate. It is now a country centre, open to the public, and attracts many visitors from far and wide.
According to ancient records it would appear that Fairlie developed as a fishing village, as it had a good, sheltered anchorage that was fully used in the 16th century. Weaving also began to help the prosperity of the village as the demand for Paisley shawls increased. The cottages below Fairlie Castle (Burnfoot) were known as Weaver's Row.
A bit further North was the "middle row" (Ferry Row), where the fishermen and ferrymen lived. The remains of the old ferry quay can still be seen. This became known as Knox's Rocks as Knox White, an old Fairlie worthy, hired boats in this area in the 20s and 30s. Still further north was "north row", an indeterminate group of modest dwellings (the Bay Street area). The families kept pigs and hens, grew fruit and vegetables - the more affluent had a cow - other necessities of life were obtained from peddlers, who travelled the countryside. An occasional visit to Largs (by foot) especially to Hyndman's market or to Colm's (Columba's) Day fair.
A turnpike road was built from Greenock to Stranraer in the 18th century and merchants and master mariners began to move into Fairlie. The channel between Fairlie and Cumbrae (Fairlie Roads) was a popular anchorage for merchant shipping, mainly to avoid the dangers of press-gangs at Greenock and the customs could be easier avoided at Fairlie.
The old cottages, in time, were improved and some enlarged, new buildings were erected. Some of the originals are Rockhaven (the Ferry Inn), Fairlie Lodge, Beach House, Allanbank, Fairlie Cottage and part of Brookside.
It was in the late 18th century that John Fife came from Kilbirnie to set up business as a cartwright in Fairlie, leading to the famous Fifes of Fairlie. (You can read their story on this page, below).
A character, Peter Peterson, arrived in Fairlie from Glasgow, where his business was. He seemed to be lawyer, banker and estate agent, and was the first commuter to live in Fairlie, realising that he could have the best of both worlds. He set up a bank in the village and the good people at that time made good use of it. Unfortunately he absconded with all the money, leaving many debts behind. A story, published in the local paper at the time, said that he had committed suicide and that his body was buried at low water mark and covered with large stones. It was believed at that time that suicides would never be at rest and might walk from their graves, unless weighed down.
Other 'new' residents soon arrived, a Mr C.S.Parker, his brother-in-law, Mr Tennant and his friend Professor Milne and around 1820 Fairlie House, Fairlie Craig and the Creich were built. The new residents, who were fairly affluent, instigated and raised money for the building of a church and a school, and in 1834 the work of building Fairlie Parish Church was completed. At first it was a 'Chapel-of-Ease', an off-set of the Parish of Largs to 'ease' its membership. A Church school was also built, and in 1843, at the Disruption, the then minister, Rev John Gemmel, signed the Deed of Demission, In 1844 the Free Church (St Margarets) was built the money raised by public subscription. The two churches flourished side by side until 1968 when circumstances arose to facilitate the union, as it was recognised that what separated the churches was much less important than the shared common beliefs. St Margarets became the Church Hall after the union in 1968 and has since been sold, St Pauls reverted to its old name of Fairlie Parish Church.
Around the latter part of the 19th century, Fairlie was still quite a small place, and it was only after the coming of the railway, which was opened to traffic in 1880, that it began to grow. Bungalows at the South end of the village proliferated in the 20s and 30s, housing many of the employees of I.C.I.'s Explosives complex at Ardeer, Stevenston. A small council development grew up at the North end of the village. This progress was halted during the war years, but the advent of the Atomic Power Station at Hunterston , the NATO Boom Defence Depot in the 60s and the Ore Terminal in the 70s encouraged growth. Since 1960 Fairlie has just about doubled itself population wise.
The Railway Pier station was opened in 1882, and became an important part of life in Fairlie, serving the Isle of Arran and the Cumbrae, as well as being a stop for many cruise steamers. One of the first 'drive-on, drive-off' ferries, the Glen Sannox, commenced in 1957 serving the Isle of Arran. Boat trains ran to and from Glasgow and Kilmarnock and freight service also ran daily. The growth of road transport and the private car saw the downfall of the pier, it was closed in the 1980s and the boatyard was demolished, making room for more housing developments.
Fairlie now, is a quiet residential place, with an ever-changing population of commuters and pensioners. It still has a Railway Station, a Church, a Post Office and a handful of small shops.
