Eureka, California

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Eureka
Seal
Map of California showing the location of Eureka
Coordinates: 40°47′24″N, 124°9′46″W
Country	United States
State	California
County	Humboldt
Founded	1850
Incorporated	April 18, 1856 (town)
Re-incorporated	February 19, 1874 (city)
Government type	Mayor-council
Mayor	Virginia Bass
City manager	David Tyson
Area
- City	37.4 km²  (14.4 sq mi)
- Land	24.50 km²  (9.4 sq mi)
- Water	12.9 km² (5.0 sq mi)  34.60%
Elevation	13.4 m  (44 ft)
Population
- City (2000)	26,128
- Density	1,067.5/km² (2,764.5/sq mi)
	Source: U.S. Census
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
- Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP codes	95501, 95502, 95503
Area code(s)	707
Website: www.ci.eureka.ca.gov

The City of Eureka was founded in 1850^[1] and quickly became an important port city for northern California's logging and commercial fishing industries. "Eureka" is a Greek word meaning "I have found it!" This exuberant statement of successful (or hopeful) California Gold Rush miners is also the official Motto of the State of California.

Eureka, the county seat of Humboldt County, California, is the principal city on Humboldt Bay, the largest protected deep-water port between San Francisco Bay and Puget Sound. The location of Eureka on Highway 101 is 283 miles (455 km) north of San Francisco and 315 miles (507 km) north and west of Sacramento.

The largest coastal city north of San Francisco, Eureka had an official city population of 26,128 in the 2000 census. The Greater Eureka Area then had a population of more than 42,233. It is the core city in the Eureka-Arcata-Fortuna micropolitan area (designated by the US Census), which has a combined estimated population exceeding 100,000.

Eureka is ideally, if remotely, situated within California's Redwood Empire region due to its proximity to exceptional natural resources. These include the spectacular coast of the Pacific Ocean, Humboldt Bay, and several rivers in addition to Redwood National and State Parks and Humboldt Redwoods State Park.

The city is endowed with extensive cultural resources and other favorable attributes, including a mild climate. These include hundreds of ornate Victorian style homes, commercial and public buildings, the Clarke Museum, the Morris Graves Museum of Art, the Sequoia Park Zoo, Fort Humboldt State Historic Park, the Blue Ox Mill, the Humboldt Botanical Garden, the Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, and two marinas on Humboldt Bay.

As a major center, the city offers many lodgings, restaurants, and shopping areas, including dozens of specialty shops in its historic 19th Century Old Town commercial district and the only large mall in the region.

Arts and cultural events abound in Eureka, including Arts Alive! on the first Saturday of every month in Old Town, the Redwood Coast Music Festivals (Jazz and the Blues), the Rhododendron Festival, the North Coast Repertory Theater and the Eureka Theater, and various events throughout the year at the Redwood Acres Fairgrounds.

Contents 1 History 2 Geography and climate 3 Demographics 3.1 Greater Eureka (Eureka Metropolitan Area) 3.2 Eureka-Arcata-Fortuna Micropolitan Area 3.3 City of Eureka Demographics 4 Economy 5 Government and law 5.1 Recent government and law enforcement issues 6 Education 7 Culture and the Arts 7.1 Architecture 7.2 Media 8 Sites of interest 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

[edit] History

Eureka lies in the heart of the Redwood Empire, renowned for the magnificent coastal redwoods, Sequoia sempervirens. These are the tallest trees and among the oldest living things on earth and have played a vital role in fashioning Eureka's heritage.

The coastal location on Humboldt Bay and an abundance of Redwoods provided a rich environment for the birth of this 19th century seaport town. More than 150 years ago, miners, loggers, and fishermen began making their mark in this pristine wilderness of the California North Coast. Humboldt Bay was "rediscovered," after going missing since the first documented European "discovery" in 1806. The mystery was due to the treacherous waters of the Pacific Ocean and the unusually narrow harbor entrance, which is often cloaked in fog. Despite these and other challenges which were to come, Eureka was founded in the spring of 1850.

The initial Europeans arriving on Humboldt Bay encountered the Wiyot, an indigenous group of natives. This people, perhaps never numbering more than a few thousand, had lived harmoniously in the region for many centuries. They are the farthest-southwest people whose language has Algonquian roots. Their traditional coastal homeland ranged from the lower Mad River through Humboldt Bay and south along the lower basin of the Eel River. Particularly known for basketry and primitive fishery management, these people were supplanted by Europeans as gold seekers and others arrived. A tragic slaughter committed by a group of locals in the spring of 1860 is detailed in the Wiyot article. The chronicle of the behavior of European settlers toward the indigenous cultures locally and throughout America is present in surprising detail in the Fort Humboldt State Historic Park museum, on the southern edge of the city. An extensive collection of highly evolved basketry of the areas indigenous groups exists in the Clarke Museum in Eureka's Old Town.

Initially, gold had been discovered in the nearby Trinity region and miners needed a more convenient alternate to the tedious overland route from Sacramento. Schooners and other vessels soon arrived in Humboldt Bay, supplying the miners working inland up the Klamath, Trinity and Salmon Rivers. Many of the gold prospectors were also lumbermen, and the vast potential for industry on the bay was soon realized. After only four years, there were seven mills processing lumber in Eureka. Within five years, 140 lumber schooners operated in Humboldt Bay, supplying lumber to other booming cities along the coast.

A bustling commercial district and stately Victorians rose in proximity to the waterfront, reflecting the great prosperity experienced during this era. Many hundreds of these charming Victorian homes remain today in their original elegance and splendor, including those examples in nearby Arcata and the Victorian village of Ferndale. The magnificent Carson Mansion on 2nd and M Streets, is perhaps the most spectacular Victorian in the nation. The home was built between 1884-1886 by renowned 19th Century architects Newsom and Newsom for lumber baron William M. Carson. This project was designed to keep mill workers and expert craftsman busy during a slow period in the industry.

In addition to ethnic conflict with the native peoples, some Eurekans joined the statewide response to the increasing Chinese presence in the 1880's. Californians led the nation in the xenophobic response to the perceived large numbers of Chinese immigrants, which ultimately led to the US Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (forms of this law remained in the US Code until 1943). Economic downturns and resulting competition for jobs especially led some citizens of European descent to commit sometimes violent racist actions, especially on the Pacific coast. In February 1885, the racial tension in Eureka broke when a member of two rival Chinese gangs (tongs) accidentally shot and killed a Eureka City Councilman in the crossfire between the two opposing sides. This led to the convening of an angry mob of 600 Eurekans and resulted the the forcible, permanent expulsion of all 300 Chinese residents of Eureka's Chinatown (a one block area). The Chinese did not return to Eureka until the 1950's.^[2]

As it became more difficult to find uncut stands of redwoods near the bay's waterways, the rapid growth of the lumber industry gave way to the development of railroad systems in the area. In 1914, the first major, reliable land route was established between San Francisco and Eureka with the opening of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad. With passenger service from San Francisco to the bustling Redwood Empire, Eureka prospered and grew. By the 1920's the Redwood Highway was completed, providing for the first direct overland route for automobiles from San Francisco. Eureka's transportation to the "outside" world had changed dramatically after more than half a century of uncomfortable stage rides (that could take weeks in winter!) or treacherous steamship passage through the infamous Humboldt Bar and on the rarely pacified Pacific Ocean to San Francisco.

Eureka's founding and livelihood was and remains linked to Humboldt Bay and its related fishing industry. Salmon fisheries sprang up along the Eel River as early as 1851, and within seven years, 2,000 barrels of cured fish and 50,000 pounds of smoked salmon were processed and shipped out of Humboldt Bay annually. The bay is also the site of one of the west coast's largest Oyster farming operations, which began its commercial status in the nineteenth century. The Bay remains the home port to more than 200 fishing boats in two modern marinas which can berth at least 400 boats within the city limits of Eureka.^[3]

The timber industry declined along with Pacific Northwest fisheries steadily since the 1950's. Overcutting and overfishing, increased regulation, and the creation of more parkland to preserve the remnants of once extensive virgin forests, rivers, and fisheries led to diminished profits and massive layoffs of blue collared mill workers and fisherman, beginning in earnest by the 1970's. Competition from other timber markets outside the nation only hastened the process of decline in logging and related industries. The challenges resulting from this economic and resulting social upheaval were significant in the lives of many Eureka and North Coast residents. However, both the local fishing industry and the timber industry still figure large in the local and state economy, though in diminished form from the past.

For the region, Eureka remains the center for commerce and healthcare.

Eureka is one of California's historic landmarks. The California State Historical marker, #477, designating Eureka, is located in Old Town, one of the nations best preserved, original Victorian era commercial districts.

[edit] Geography and climate

Eureka is located on Humboldt Bay along California's North Coast. The city begins with it's marina on one of three islands at a narrow point on the thirteen mile long bay and increases in elevation slightly as it spreads in all directions, especially to the east. This city of mostly one and two story wooden structures (less than ten buildings over 5 stories) gently encroaches at least two miles eastward into abundant, primarily Redwood and Douglas-fir second growth forests. The city has a traditional grid that generally radiates toward the points of the compass, though a correction to more accuracy in relation to the compass just east of the older downtown and residential area is noticeable. In areas of more recent development, the previously completely removed forest, gulches, and ravines and their streams remain, adding considerable character to neighborhoods that because of recency in construction often lack the splendor (and occasional disrepair) of the earlier Victorian homes. The transition between the official city limits and smaller unincorporated areas described in the demographic section is mostly not discernible. The most recently developed eastern areas include secluded developments on a golf course (as an example) among or in close proximity to extensive second growth forest. The city then gives way to hills and mountains of the rugged coast range, which quickly exceed 2,000 feet in elevation.

Eureka's climate is characterized by mild, rainy winters and cool, dry summers, with an average temperature of 55 degrees Fahrenheit (13°C). The highest and lowest temperatures recorded in Eureka are 87 and 20 degrees, respectively.

Weather averages for Eureka, California
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Avg high °F	54	55	55	56	53	56	57	58	57	55	52	49	58
Avg low °F	41	43	43	45	48	51	52	53	51	49	45	42	47
Avg high °C	12	12	12	13	14	15	16	16	17	16	14	12	14
Avg low °C	5	6	6	7	8	10	11	11	10	9	7	5	8
Precipitation (in)	6.4	5	5.2	2.9	1.8	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.8	2.8	5.6	6.4	38
Precipitation (cm)	16	12	13	7	4	1	---	---	2	7	14	16	96
Source: Weatherbase[4] Nov 2006

[edit] Demographics

Eureka as the largest city of the region has a broad area of influence, which includes of all of Humboldt County and portions of Del Norte County, Mendocino County, and Trinity County, a large trading area with an estimated population of 150,000. At various times Eureka is referred to the Greater Eureka Area and as a micropolitan area.

[edit] Greater Eureka (Eureka Metropolitan Area)

Greater Eureka includes the areas and related populations of the City Limits of Eureka and the following contiguous or nearby census-designated areas: Bayview, Cutten, Humboldt Hill, Myrtletown, and Pine Hills (referred to as "Pine Hill" locally) form the basis of the Eureka metropolitan area or Greater Eureka Area. This area, the only metro area of Northern Coastal California, comprises more than 42,233 persons.

[edit] Eureka-Arcata-Fortuna Micropolitan Area

The Cities of Eureka, Arcata, and Fortuna and their environs comprise the heart of this US Census designated trading area.^[5] The total population of this area is estimated at or around 100,000.

[edit] City of Eureka Demographics

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.4 square miles (37.4 km²), of which 9.4 square miles (24.50 km²) of it is land and 5.0 square miles (12.9 km²) or 34.60% of it is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 26,128 people, 10,957 households, and 5,883 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,764.5 people (1,067.5/km²). There were 11,637 housing units at an average density of 1,231.3 per square mile (475.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 82.46% White, 1.63% Black or African American, 4.21% Native American, 3.55% Asian, 0.33% Pacific Islander, 2.71% from other races, and 5.10% from two or more races. 7.77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 10,957 households out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.8% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.3% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city the population was spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,849, and the median income for a family was $33,438. Males had a median income of $28,706 versus $22,038 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,174. 23.7% of the population and 15.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 29.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

[edit] Economy

The economic base of the city was originally founded on timber and fishing and supplying gold mining efforts inland. Gold mining diminished quickly in the early years and activities of timber and fishing have diminished, especially in the latter decades of the twentieth century. Today, the major industries are tourism, timber (in value), and healthcare and services (in number of jobs). Major employers today in Eureka include the following governmental entities: College of the Redwoods, The County of Humboldt, and the Humboldt County Office of Education. St. Joseph Hospital in Eureka is now the largest private employer in Eureka.^[6]

The 2000 U.S. Census indicates that 3.7% of the employed civilian population 16 years and over (totaling 20,671) worked in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industries. This percentage may not be indicative of the actual number of people in these professions as many are self-employed, especially in the fishing industry. The 2000 U.S. Census reported that 24.9% of the community worked in education, health care, and social services. Another 18.4% were employed by the government, while self employed workers totaled 11.2% of all workers. The unemployment rate in 2000 was 5.5% compared to the national average of 5.7% (calculated by dividing the unemployed population by the labor force). For the population 16 years and older, 42.7% were not in the labor force, while 57.3% were employed.^[7] According to the 2000 U.S. Census, in 1999 the median household income was $25,849 and the per capita income was $16,174. Inhabitants whose income was below poverty level in 1999 were 23.7% of the population. Of the 11,637 housing units in 2000, 94.2% of the housing units were occupied, while 5.8% were vacant. Of the occupied housing units, 46.5% were owner occupied and 53.5% were renter occupied.^[8]

[edit] Government and law

The City of Eureka has a Mayor-Council system of governance. Primary power lies with the five council members, divided up into five wards. The Mayor is primarily ceremonial, though the job includes presiding over council meetings, meeting visiting dignitaries, and, perhaps, the most significant bully pulpit of the region.^[9] Official city business is administered by the Office of the City Manager. The Eureka City Council regularly meets on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays of the month at 5:30 p.m. for closed session, and 6:30 p.m. for open session. All meetings are open to the public, with the exception of the published closed session portion. Time is allowed during every council meeting for the public to address the council. The meetings are held in the Council Chambers on the 2nd floor of Eureka City Hall at 531 "K" Street, Eureka^[10].

Most civil issues involving the city are the responsibility of the city attorney. The Eureka Police Department located downtown at 6th and "B" Streets also has a satellite office in Old Town.

[edit] Recent government and law enforcement issues

Over the past decade, the city has been dealing with an increasing methamphetamine problem, there is controversy as to whether severve police measures act as a deterrent, or alienate people, and exacerbate mental illness and related drug abuse.

During 2006, there were two shooting deaths at the hands of the the Eureka Police Department which were accompanied by allegations of excessive force:

The first, Cheri Moore, was killed by multiple gun shot wounds to her upper body after a two-and-a-half hour standoff with police. Moore, who had a history of mental illness, made a phone call to the Humboldt County Mental Health Department on the morning of April 14th 2006 and stated the she needed medication and was prepared to burn her apartment building if she did not get what she needed [1]. Mental health workers notified the Eureka Police Department, who attempted to contact Moore but retreated when she brandished what appeared to be a handgun at them. During the ensuing standoff Moore visibly brandished a flare gun at police and out the window. The police made the decision to enter the apartment when a police spotter noted that Moore no longer had the flare gun in her hands. However, when police entered the apartment Moore had again taken possession of the flare gun and apparently threatened officers with it. April 14th was the anniversary of her son's suicide, and friends said she often acted erratically at that time of the year. A Coroner's Inquest made a non-binding recommendation that officers be better trained to deal with the mentally ill, and that mental health professionals be present at crisis situations involving the mentally ill ^[11]; by statute a Coroner's Inquest can only rule on the cause of death. A multi-agency investigation recommenced that no charges be brought in the case, but the county District Attorney Paul Gallegos still has the option to bring charges ^[12]. Moore's son, David Moore, has filed a civil suit against the City of Eureka in regard to his mother's death ^[13].

The second occurred on October 23rd, 2006 when Christopher Burgess, 16 (5 feet 11 inches, 170 lbs ^[14]), was shot and killed in a gulch near Washington Elementary School. His family alleges that Burgess was shot while fleeing, while police maintain that he was threatening to injure the officer attempting to arrest him. Some sources allege that was under the influence of methamphetamine and had a hunting knife. Accounts differ as to whether he dropped it before he fled. Burgess had frequently violated his probation by running away from home ^[15].

Both of these incidents have led to renewed calls for a civilian police review commission by the Coalition for Police Review, an alliance including the Redwood Chapter of the ACLU, the county Human Rights Commission, the Civil Liberties Monitoring Project and some local Green Party organizations.

Despite the recent construction of a Multiple Assistance Center to help alleviate the situation, Eureka continues to host a significant homeless population as yet unserved by either public assistance or by private efforts such as the Eureka Rescue Mission. Despite the lack of adequate bed spaces in any local shelters, Eureka continues to enforce a law that makes it illegal for homeless people to sleep, despite a Federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling: Jones vs. City of Los Angeles posits that because sleep is inevitable, and if a city that doesn't provide a way to do it legally, i.e. provide enough shelter, ^[16] such a city can not have a law that disallows sleep under Eighth Amendment provisions against cruel and unusual punishment. Homeless people continue to be woken up in cars and cited, and local law enforcement also cite people camping on public and private land. The issue has become conflated with the ongoing redevelopment of areas around the Old Town commercial district, with some proponents of new construction projects advertising the removal of "transients" as an attribute of their efforts.

[edit] Education

Institutions of higher learning include the College of the Redwoods located on the south edge of the Greater Eureka Area and Humboldt State University, located just eight miles north in Arcata. College of the Redwoods recently developed a downtown satellite campus.

Eureka City Schools administers the public schools of the city. These include Eureka High School, Humboldt High School, Zoe Barnum High School, Zane and Winship Middle Schools, 5 elementary schools, the Eureka Adult School, the Winzler Children's Center, and various special programs.^[17]

The Humboldt County Office of Education administers the Glen Paul Center in Eureka, which specializes in the educational needs of the developmentally disabled.

[edit] Culture and the Arts

• Eureka was voted as the #1 best small art town in John Villani's book "The 100 Best Small Art Towns In America."^[18]

• Art organizations include the Humboldt Arts Council and Morris Graves Museum of Art, Redwood Art Association, and the Eureka Art and Culture Commission.

• Eureka has a vibrant local music and arts scene and is known for its cultural idiosyncrasies. The Sci-Fi Channel premiered a television show called Eureka in 2006 inspired in part by this reputation, but the show is not actually filmed in Eureka.

• On the first Saturday night of the month, Old Town Eureka sponsors an "Arts' Alive!" gala. More than 40 Eureka business as well as local galleries display local art to the public. Drinks and snacks are provided, as well as live music and performance art by musicians, jugglers, fire dancers and poets.

• Eureka is the midpoint stop in the three-day-long kinetic sculpture race, a zany, 42-mile-long race of artistic, human powered machines that must prove themselves able to traverse mud, water, sand, gravel, and pavement.

• Old Town Fourth of July Celebration

• Mike Patton, best known as the lead singer of Faith No More, was born in Eureka.

[edit] Architecture

Due to northern isolation and unfavorable economic conditions in the latter part of the twentieth century, much of the post-war redevelopment and urban renewal that other cities experienced bypassed Eureka. As a result, Eureka is resplendent with examples of 19th and early 20th century architecture and historic districts. David Gebhard, Professor of architectural history of Santa Barbara has remarked that Eureka is a west coast Williamsburg, Virginia, preserving extensive Victorian homes and public buildings, including many ornate examples of Colonial Revival, Eastlake, Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, and Stick styles of Victorian architecture. All of these styles are present in the most famous and possibly most ornate of Victorian homes, The Carson Mansion (pictured above).

Approximately 16% of the city contains important historical structures. 13 distinct districts have been identified which meet the criteria for the National Register of Historic Places. Among them are the 2nd Street District (10 buildings), 15th Street district (13 buildings) and the O Street district (43 buildings). Hillsdale Street, a popular and well-preserved district, contains 17 buildings of historic interest. In all, some 1,500 buildings have been recognized as qualifying for the National Register. The Eureka Heritage Society, a local architectural preservation group founded in 1973, has been instrumental in protecting and preserving many of Eureka’s fine Victorians.

[edit] Media

Eureka is the base for two major daily newspapers, the Times Standard and The Eureka Reporter, which contain original local news and syndicated content on state, national and international news. The Times-Standard, owned by the Colorado-based Media News Group founded by Dean Singleton, was founded in 1854 and was Eureka's only daily for over 30 years. They face a new challenge in The Eureka Reporter, which was founded as an Internet publication in 2003 and upgraded to a daily print edition at the beginning of 2006. The Eureka Reporter's parent company is Security National, which itself is owned by financier and Republican activist Rob Arkley, Jr. and his wife, former Eureka council member Cherie Arkley, and the perceived economic and political agendas of the two papers have driven an increasingly heated competition.

Eureka is also home to an alternative weekly, the Internet-based Humboldt Sentinel which focuses on under-reported stories and unconventional opinion, as well as the Emerald Coast Herald, a Christian publication produced by a consortium of local churches, which features a religious view on current events as well as spiritual advice. Media News Group also owns a weekly classified advertiser, the Tri-City Weekly. Nearby publications which cover events in Eureka include a free Arcata-based weekly "of politics, people and art," the North Coast Journal, and Humboldt State University's student newspaper, the Lumberjack.

All of Humboldt County's television stations (KIEM, KVIQ, KAEF, KEET) are based in the City of Eureka, as are most of the commercial radio stations in Humboldt County: (KFMI, KRED, KXGO and KATA). Eureka also hosts KMUE, the local repeater for Redway-based community radio station KMUD, and on August 26, 2006 the Blue Ox Millworks and School of the Traditional Arts launched KKDS, a low power FM station focused on youth and community issues. KHSU, the only local public radio station, is broadcast from Humboldt State University in Arcata.

[edit] Sites of interest

• Humboldt Botanical Garden
• Sequoia Park Zoo
• Morris Graves Art Museum

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Eureka: An Architectural View, p. 9
2. ^ Easthouse, K. (2003, February 27). The Chinese Expulsion. Retrieved November 26, 2006 from http://www.northcoastjournal.com/022703/cover0227.html
3. ^ Humboldt Bay Watershed Symposium:Current Uses of Humboldt Bay. Retrieved November 22, 2006 from http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/1068/10855.pdf
4. ^ Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Eureka, California, United States of America (English). Retrieved on Nov 25, 2006.
5. ^ METROPOLITAN AND MICROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, December 2005, WITH CODES. Retrieved on November 22, 2006 from http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/List1.txt.
6. ^ Eureka California Community Profile. Retrieved November 22, 2006 from http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/divisions/sd/communityprofiles/California/Eureka_CA.pdf
7. ^ Table DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Statistics: 2000. Geographic Area: Eureka CA. Retrieved on November 22, 2006 from http://censtats.census.gov/data/CA/1600623042.pdf
8. ^ Table DP-1. Profile of Selected Demographic Statistics: 2000. Geographic Area: Eureka CA. Retrieved on November 22, 2006 from http://censtats.census.gov/data/CA/1600623042.pdf
9. ^ City Asunder:The Face of Eureka. Retrieved November 22, 2006 from http://www.northcoastjournal.com/102606/cover1026.html
10. ^ City of Eureka: Mayor and City Council. Retrieved November 22, 2006 from http://www.ci.eureka.ca.gov/council/default.asp.
11. ^ http://www.times-standard.com/mooreinquest/ci_4343303
12. ^ http://www.northcoastjournal.com/092106/cover0921.html
13. ^ http://www.times-standard.com/local/ci_4515868
14. ^ http://www.northcoastjournal.com/110906/cover1109.html
15. ^ http://www.eurekareporter.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?ArticleID=16521
16. ^ http://www.aclu.org/rightsofthepoor/housing/25070prs20060414.html
17. ^ Welcome to Eureka City Schools:The Educational Leader on the North Coast. Retrieved November 22, 2006 from http://www.eurekacityschools.org/
18. ^ The 100 Best Small Art Towns in America, by John Villani; ISBN 1-56261-405-3

[edit] References

• The 100 Best Small Art Towns in America, by John Villani; ISBN 1-56261-405-3
• Eureka: An Architectural View, by The Eureka Heritage Society, Inc; ISBN 0-9615004-0-9

[edit] External links

Municipal services and schools

• The City of Eureka's website
• Humboldt Transit Authority bus routes
• Eureka City Schools

General guides

• HUMBOLPEDIA: The Humboldt County Specific Wiki
• The "Hum Guide:" Extensive area resources and information
• Virtual tours of Eureka

Publications and media

• Humboldt Sentinel
• Eureka Times Standard newspaper
• The Eureka Reporter newspaper
• List of Eureka radio stations zip 95501

Arts, music & museums

• HumboldtMusic.com - Local music, calendar, forums
• Humboldt Arts Council and Morris Graves Museum Website
• Redwood Art Association
• Eureka Art and Culture Commission
• Arts Alive! Weblink and list of art galleries

History

• Old Town Eureka
• Humboldt County Historical Society
• Eureka Heritage Society

Tourism

• Humboldt County Visitor’s Bureau
• Eureka City Trails
• Blue Ox Millworks

Other

• Humboldt Economic Index
• Tuluwat Restoration Fund

Maps

• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 40.790022° -124.162752°
  • Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
  • Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
  • Topographic map from TopoZone
  • Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA