Eugène Ysaÿe

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Eugène Ysaÿe (July 16, 1858 – May 12, 1931) was a Belgian violinist, composer and conductor.

He was born in Liège, Belgium, and began violin lessons at the age of four with his father, and later studied with Joseph Massart, Henryk Wieniawski, and Henri Vieuxtemps.

After his graduation, Ysaÿe was the principal violin of the Benjamin Bilse beer-hall orchestra, which later developed into the Berlin Philharmonic. Many musicians of note and influence came regularly to hear this orchestra and Ysaÿe in particular, among whom figured Joseph Joachim, Franz Liszt, Clara Schumann, and Anton Rubinstein, who asked that Ysaÿe be released from his contract to accompany him on tour.

When Ysaÿe was twenty-seven years old, he was recommended as a soloist for one of the Concerts Colonne in Paris, which was the start of his great success as a concert artist. The next year, Ysaÿe received a professorship at the Brussels Conservatoire in his native Belgium. This began his career as a teacher, which was to remain one of his main occupations after leaving the conservatory in 1898 and into even his last years. Among his more respected pupils are Josef Gingold, the violist William Primrose, Louis Persinger, Alberto Bachmann, and Mathieu Crickboom.

During his tenure as professor at the Conservatoire, Ysaÿe continued to tour an ever-broadening section of the world, including all of Europe, Russia, and the United States. Despite health concerns, particularly regarding the (probably diabetes-related) condition of his hands, Ysaÿe was at his best when performing, and many prominent composers dedicated major works to him, including Claude Debussy, Camille Saint-Saëns, César Franck, and Ernest Chausson.

As his physical ailments grew more prohibitive, Ysaÿe turned more and more to teaching, conducting and an early love, composition. Among his most famous works are six unaccompanied violin sonatas, op. 27, one unaccompanied for cello, op 28, one sonata for 2 violins, eight poems for various soloists (1 or 2 vln, vln & cello, string quartet) & orchestra: poème élégiaque, poème de l'Extase, Chant d'hiver, poème nocturne, etc., or even for string orchestra without basses (poème de l'Exil), 2 string trios, a quintett, and an opera: Peter the Miner, written at the end of his life in the Walloon dialect.

Ysaye had been offered the post of music director of the New York Philharmonic in 1898, but declined it due to his busy solo performance schedule. In 1918 he accepted the music director's position with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, where he remained until 1922 and with which he made several recordings.

As a performer, Ysaÿe was compelling and highly original. Pablo Casals claimed never to have heard a violinist play in tune before Ysaÿe, and Carl Flesch called him "the most outstanding and individual violinist I have ever heard in my life."

Ysaÿe was the possessor of a large and flexible tone, influenced by a big variety of vibrato from no vibrato at all to very intense, he said: "don't always vibrate, but always be vibrating". While he, like many of his contemporaries, used the portamento more often than modern players, he used it with discretion and taste and never as a mere technical aid, his modus operandi was, according to his own words: "nothing which wouldn't have for goal emotion, poesy, heart."

Possibly the most distinctive feature of Ysaÿe's interpretations was his masterful rubato. Ysaÿe's rubato is something apart; "Whenever he stole time from one note, he faithfully paid it back within four bars," said the conductor Sir Henry Wood, allowing his accompanist to maintain strict tempo under his free cantilena. This kind of rubato fits the description of Frédéric Chopin's rubato, but, of all the early performers on record, is the only real display of it.

Ysaÿe was an artist who was not equally at home in all repertoire; though admired for his Bach and Beethoven interpretations, he was in his best form in the works of more modern composers, the late Romantics and early modern writers. Particularly Max Bruch, Camille Saint-Saëns, and Franck called him their greatest interpreter, and in those and similar composers' works he was unquestionedly supreme. His technique was brilliant and finely honed, but never employed without some musical purpose in mind. In this respect he could be considered the first of the modern type of violinist, whose technique is without the gaps of some earlier artists, but not used for its own sake so much as in the service of the music at hand.

Finally, in 1931, suffering from the extreme ravages of diabetes, which had necessitated the amputation of his left foot, Eugène Ysaÿe died and was interred in the Ixelles Cemetery in Brussels.

An international violin competition in Brussels was created in his memory: in 1951, this became the violin section of the Queen Elisabeth music competition.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• [1]
• [2]
• Eugène Ysaÿe's Gravesite

Preceded by Ernst Kunwald

Musical Directors, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra 1918–1922

Succeeded by Fritz Reiner