Ernst Neizvestny
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Ernst Iosifovich Neizvestny (Russian: Эрнст Иосифович Неизвестный) is probably the most famous Russian sculptor of the second half of the 20th century. Ironically, his surname, often taken for a pseudonym, translates from the Russian as "unknown, unfamous". He currently lives and works in New York City.
Neizvestny was born on 9 April 1925 in Sverdlovsk. His parents were purged in the 1930s. At the age of 17 Neizvestny joined the Red Army as a volunteer. At the close of World War II, he was heavily wounded and sustained a clinical death. Although he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner "posthumously" and his mother received an official notification that her son had died, Neizvestny managed to survive.
In 1947 Neizvestny was enrolled at the Academy of Arts in Riga. He continued his education at the Surikov Moscow Art Institute and the Philosophy Department of the Moscow State University. His sculptures, often based on the forms of the human body, are noted for their expressionism and powerful plasticity. His preferred material is bronze; but his larger, monumental installations are often executed in concrete. Most of his works are arranged in extensive cycles, the best known of which is The Tree of Life, a theme he has developed since 1956.
Although Nikita Khrushchev famously chastised Neizvestny's works as degenerate art at the Moscow Manege exhibition of 1962 ("why do you disfigure the faces of Soviet people?"), the sculptor was later approached by Khruschev's relatives and executed a tomb for the Soviet leader at the Novodevichy Cemetery. His other well-known works of the Soviet period are Prometheus in Artek (1966) and the Lotus Flower at the Aswan Dam in Egypt (1971). In 1976 he defected from the USSR to Switzerland.
During the 1980s he guest lectured at the University of Oregon, Eugene, as well as at UC Berkeley. He also worked with Magna Gallery in San Francisco, and had a number of shows which were well attended in the mid 1980s. This gallery also asked him to create his "Man through the Wall" series to celebrate the end of Communism at the end of the 1980s. He also ended his relationship with Magna gallery at this time.
In 1996, Neizvestny completed his Mask of Sorrow, a 15-meter tall monument to the victims of Soviet purges, situated in Magadan. The same year, he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation. Although he still lives in New York City and works at Columbia University, Neizvestny frequently visits Moscow and celebrated his 80th birthday there. He has a museum dedicated to his sculptures in Uttersberg, Sweden. Some of his crucifixion statues were acquired by John Paul II for the Vatican Museums.
[edit] References
- Voronov N.V. Ernst Neizvestny. Moscow, 1991.
