Engelmann Oak
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| Quercus engelmannii Greene |
The Engelmann Oak (Quercus engelmannii), also called the Pasadena Oak, is a species of oak in the white oak section Quercus sect. Quercus, native to Southern California and northwestern Baja California, Mexico. It is a small tree growing to 10 m tall, generally evergreen, but may be drought-deciduous during the hot, dry local summers, and has a rounded or elliptical canopy. The bark is thick, furrowed, and light gray-brown. The leaves are leathery, 3-6 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, of a blue-green color, and may be flat or wavy, with smooth margins. The flowers are catkins; the fruit is an acorn 1.5-2.5 cm long, maturing 6-8 months after pollination.
Engelmann Oak ranges from the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in eastern Los Angeles County through the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange County and the western foothills and mesas of the Peninsular Ranges in Riverside and San Diego counties, extending into the Sierra Juárez and Sierra San Pedro Mártir ranges of northern Baja California. They are generally found in savannas and woodlands above the dry coastal plain, but below the 1300 meters (4200 feet) elevation where colder winters prevail. The Engelmann Oak has a smaller range than most California oaks, and suburban sprawl in the San Gabriel Valley has eliminated the oaks from most of the northern part of the range. The largest remaining stands of Engelmann Oaks are on the Santa Rosa Plateau, near Murrieta in Riverside County, and on Black Mountain near Ramona in San Diego County.
Fossil evidence shows that Engelmann Oaks once had a wider range, extending through what is now the Mojave and Sonoran deserts into eastern California and Arizona. The Engelmann Oak is most closely related to the Arizona White Oak (Q. arizonica) and Mexican Blue Oak (Q. oblongifolia), which are native to the subtropical pine-oak woodlands of Arizona and northern Mexico. The Engelmann Oak is considered to be the northernmost species of subtropical oak, which was later isolated from its closest relatives to the east by the drying of the southwestern deserts.
The wood is dark brown and strong, but tends to warp and split upon drying, and is of low value as timber.
[edit] References and external links
- Nixon, K. et al. (1998). Quercus engelmannii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1c v2.3)
- Flora of North America: Quercus engelmannii
