Embolotherium

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iEmbolotherium

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Brontotheriidae
Genus:	Embolotherium

Species

See Text

Embolotherium ('battering ram beast') is an extinct genus of brontothere that lived in Mongolia during the late Eocene period. It is most easily recognized by a large bony protuberance emanating from the anterior (front) end of the skull. This process resembles a battering ram, thus providing the reason for the name Embolotherium. The animal is known from about 12 skulls, several jaws, and a variety of other skeletal elements from the Ulan Gochu formation of Inner Mongolia and the Irgilin Dzo of Outer Mongolia.

1 Fossils
2 Other Relatives
3 Brain
4 External links

[edit] Fossils

Complete skeletons of Embolotherium have not yet been recovered, but it was probably about 2.5 meters tall at the shoulder. There is no clear evidence that Embolotherium was sexually dimorphic. All known specimens have large rams and rather small canines. Therefore, it does not seem likely that the ram served as a weapon for contests between males. Rather, it might have had a non-sexual function. The ram may have served as a specialized structure for sound production. This hypothesis is suggested by the fact that the bony nasal cavity extends to the peak of the ram, thus implying that the nasal chamber was greatly elevated, possibly creating a resonating chamber.

[edit] Other Relatives

Several species of Embolotherium have been named, including Embolotherium andrewsi, Embolotherium grangeri, Embolotherium louksi, Embolotherium ultimum, Embolotherium ergilensi, and Embolotherium efremovi. However, only two species, Embolotherium andrewsi and Embolotherium grangeri, appear to be valid. Other supposed species of Embolotherium are probably synonymous with these two species and were originally based on juvenile skulls, poorly preserved fossil material, or specimens that are not significantly different from either E. andrewsi or E. grangeri.

Another genus of brontothere, Titanodectes, which was named for several lower jaws found in the same sedimentary deposits as Embolotherium, probably represents the same beast as Embolotherium grangeri. Protembolotherium is another closely related genus of brontothere.

[edit] Brain

Brain size in Embolotherium has never been measured. However, like many early mammals, including brontotheres, Embolotherium probably had a rather small brain in comparison to modern large mammals such as rhinos and elephants. However, scientists are not sure if this mean would mean that they were less intelligent. However, the fact that brontotheres evolved horns and other bizarre structures on their skulls suggests that they evolved complex social behaviors, such as herding behavior or territorialism, similar to that of modern mammals.