Eastern Air Lines Flight 537

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Eastern Air Lines Flight 537
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Summary
Date	November 1, 1949
Type	Mid-air collision
Site	Washington, D.C.
Fatal Injuries	55
Serious Injuries	1
Aircraft 1
Aircraft type	Douglas DC-4
Operator	Eastern Air Lines
Registration	N88727
Passengers	51
Crew	4
Survivors	0
Aircraft 2
Aircraft type	Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Operator	Government of Bolivia
Registration	NX-26927
Passengers	0
Crew	1
Survivors	1

Eastern Air Lines Flight 537, registration N88727, was a Douglas DC-4 aircraft en route from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, D.C. via intermediate points on November 1, 1949. NX-26927 was a Lockheed P-38 Lightning being test flown for acceptance by the Government of Bolivia by Erick Rios Bridaux of the Bolivian Air Force. The two aircraft collided in mid-air at an altitude of 300 feet about 1/2 mile southwest of the threshold of Runway 3 at Washington National Airport, killing all 55 aboard the DC-4 and seriously injuring the pilot of the P-38.

The tower controllers on duty that day at National testified that the P-38 had taken off on Runway 3, turned left north of The Pentagon, circled over Arlington, then returned, requesting permission to land due to engine trouble. The controller cleared the aircraft to join the left traffic pattern, but instead it flew south of the airport and entered a long straight-in approach at the same time Flight 537 was turning onto a shorter final. The controller then called Flight 537 ordering it to turn left; it began the turn, but by then the P-38, being considerably faster than a DC-4 on final, overtook the aircraft 1/2 mile southwest of the threshold of Runway 3.

The DC-4 was cut in half by the left propeller of the P-38 just forward of the trailing edge of the wing. The aft portion of the DC-4 fell to the ground on the west bank of the Potomac River; other pieces were located in the Potomac Railroad Yards and on a highway passing near the Yards. The fore portion of the aircraft fell into the river, as did the P-38.

Rios, the P-38 pilot, contradicted much of the tower controllers' testimony when he spoke to Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) investigators. He claimed he had taken off from Runway 36, had been in constant contact with the tower, and had been explicitly cleared to land on Runway 3 under the call sign "Bolivian 927". However, the testimony of both the tower personnel and a military controller listening in on the frequency from his position at Bolling Air Force Base (as well as other discrepancies in the P-38 pilot's testimony) led the CAB to discount Rios's version of the facts. As Rios spoke and understood English well, it was thought that language difficulties played no part in the accident.

The CAB determined the primary probable causes of the accident to be the P-38 pilot's decision to land without proper clearance and his failure to exercise normal vigilance in looking out for conflicting traffic. The CAB also found that the tower controllers failed to exercise due vigilance in not notifying the pilots of Flight 537 earlier as to the critical traffic situation developing. However, the report also states that even if Flight 537 had received earlier advice with respect to the P-38's location, it may still have been too late to avoid the accident, as Rios's actions left Flight 537 only a few seconds in which to turn.

Among the dead on Flight 537 were Congressman George J. Bates, New Yorker cartoonist Helen Hokinson, and former Congressman Michael J. Kennedy.