Dynamo Open Air Festival
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The Dynamo Open Air Festival (D.O.A.F.) is an annual music festival that first took place in 1986 (see 1986 in music). The event had its beginnings at the Dynamo nightclub in Eindhoven in the Netherlands, when the heavy metal band, Raven played there on 28 November 1981 (see 1981 in music) to a sellout crowd. Come 1986, the organisers decided to set up a stage in the nearby carpark and attracted an estimated crowd of 7000 people. The bands that played that year included Satan, Angel Witch, Crimson Glory and Onslaught. Despite problems with the P.A. system, and the fact that the stage verged on collapsing, the event was heralded as a great success. The following year, the only major change that was made in setting up the second D.O.A.F. was the date. Because of the weather in the Netherlands it seemed safer to move the festival to early summer instead of September. Despite this precaution, it rained throughout the day of the festival.
In order to compete with the growing trend of European music festivals, D.O.A.F. has grown much over the years, employing a larger number of stages and bands. Many famous names have played there, including Slayer, Venom, Type O Negative, Machine Head, KoЯn, Marilyn Manson, Savatage, Dog Eat Dog, Danzig, Suicidal Tendencies, [[Testament (band)|Testament], Life Of Agony, Fudge Tunnel, Biohazard, Monster Magnet, Kyuss, and Fear Factory.
