Duyfken
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Career | |
|---|---|
| Built: | Netherlands |
| Launched: | 1595 |
| Fate: | Deemed unrepairable after a sea battle in 1608 |
| General Characteristics | |
| Displacement: | — tons |
| Length: | — ft (— m) |
| Beam: | — ft (— m) |
| Draught: | — ft (— m) |
| Type: | — |
| Hull: | Wood |
| Propulsion: | Sail |
| Speed: | — |
| Range: | — |
| Complement: | — |
| Armament: | — |
Duyfken (also Duifken or Duijfken) ("little dove" in English) was a small Dutch ship built c. 1600 in the Netherlands. She was a fast, lightly-armed ship probably intended for small valuable cargoes or privateering. In 1606, during a voyage of discovery from Bantam (Banten), Java, captained by Willem Janszoon, she encountered the Australian mainland and Janszoon is thus credited with the first authenticated European discovery of Australia.
In 1601 the Duyfken was selected as the jacht, or scout, for the "Moluccan Fleet" sailing to the Spice Islands. Her captain, Willem Cornelisz Schouten, with Le Maire, later discovered and named Cape Horn after the city of Hoorn. After reaching Bantam the Moluccan Fleet of five ships, including the Duyfken, encountered a blockading fleet of Portuguese ships totalling eight galleons and twenty-two galleys. They engaged this fleet in intermittent battle, driving them away on New Years day 1602. Thus the undisputed dominance of the Iberians (Portuguese and Spanish) in the Spice Trade to Europe was ended.
The fleet received a warm welcome in Bantam, repairs were carried out to damage caused in the battle, and a survey of Jakarta Bay was undertaken, where the Dutch would later build Batavia, their capital in the Indies. Then, sailing by way of Tuban, East Java to the Spice Island of Ternate, cloves were loaded on board and the ship returned to Banda for a cargo of nutmeg.
The Duyfken was then sent on a voyage of exploration to the east when the newly-formed United Dutch East India Company (VOC) was granted a monopoly on trade to the Spice Islands by the Dutch government. On the voyage home from the Indies the Duyfken was separated from the larger ships in a storm off Cape Agulhas, southern Africa and reached the Netherlands early in 1603, two months ahead of the larger ships.
In December 1603 the Duyfken, with Willem Janszoon as skipper, set out on a second voyage to the Indies in the VOC fleet of Steven van der Haghen. The VOC fleet captured two Portuguese ships in Mozambique Channel and sailed to the Spice Islands via India finally reaching Bantam, Java on New Years Eve 1604.
In 1605 the Duyfken was in the fleet that recaptured the fort of Van Verre at Ambon in the Spice Islands, from the Portuguese. She was then sent to Bantam, Java for urgently needed provisions.
In 1605 the Dutch East India Company (VOC) sent the Duyfken, captained by Willem Janszoon, to search for trade opportunities in the "south and east lands" beyond the furthest reaches of their known world. Willem Janszoon took the ship southeast from Banda to the Kei Islands, then along the south coast of New Guinea, skirting south of the shallow waters around False Cape and then continuing east-southeast.
In early 1606 Janszoon encountered and then charted the shores of Australia's Cape York Peninsula. The ship made landfall at the Pennefather River in the Gulf of Carpentaria. This was the first authenticated landing on Australian soil and for the first time all the inhabited continents of the world were known to the European science of geography. Janszoon is thus credited with the first authenticated European discovery of Australia.
In 1607 the Duyfken may have made a second voyage east to Australia. Later in the year she was sent to Java to get supplies for the beleaguered Dutch fortress on Ternate.
In 1608 the ship was engaged in a five hour battle with three Spanish galleys. In June she was sent with larger ships to capture the fortress of Taffaso on Makian Island. A month later she was brought inside the reef at Ternate for repairs. It seems that she was hauled on her side to repair the bottom but this caused further damage and she was judged beyond repair.
[edit] Duyfken Replica
A full size replica of the Duyfken was built by the "Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation" jointly with the Maritime Museum of Western Australia and launched on January 24, 1999 in Fremantle. After goodwill tours to Sydney, Queensland, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, South Africa, and finally Texel in Netherlands.
The Duyfken is currently (2005) berthed alongside the Old Swan Brewery on the Swan River in Perth, Western Australia and can be visited by the public.
In 2006, Western Australia will play a big role in the 400th anniversary of the original Duyfken’s visit to Australia and a national group has begun planning to commemorate the arrival of the Duyfken and to mark this important milestone in Australia's history by also giving recognition to all who followed her and contributed to the mapping of the Australian coast.
[edit] See also
Ship replica (including a list of ship replicas) 1.Please consider the following: the "national group" mentioned in this section, that is organising the Duyfken replica commemorative voyage, ( due to arrive in Sydney on 11 December) is Australia on the Map 1606-2006
Its website could be referred to under that notion of national group: www.australiaonthemap.org.au
you will find it perticularly informative and worthwhile linking to. any questions pbreynders@yahoo.com,au 2. VOC translated as Dutch East India Company may be quite common, but also quite wrong. East India Company suggests in English something focussing on the east of India. VOC stands for Vereenigde Oost-indische Compagnie. This means litterally United East-indies Company or United East-indian Company ( because indische is an adjective) the company focussed on the East-indies, some 17th century notion of the wide area now known as Asia or the Far East. not just the east of India. So I suggest you use for VOC the (Netherlands based) United East-Indies Company. 'United' because about nine competing Dutch companies had merged into one in March 1602, to cut competition.
