Dukes of Medina Sidonia

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The Dukes of Medina Sidonia are Grandees of Spain, holding the oldest dukedom in the Kingdom, and were once the most prominent magnate family of the Andalusian region. The most famous was Don Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, who commanded the Spanish Armada.

The family of Guzmán was originally lords of Abiados, on the southern slope of the Picos de Europa in the hill country of León. The name is believed to be a contraction or corruption of Gundamaris, i.e. son of Gundamar. An early family tradition represents them as having come from Britain, and they may have descended from one of the Scandinavian invaders who attacked the north coast of Spain in the 10th century. It is in the 10th century that they first appear, and they grew great by the Reconquista of the country from the Muslims.

Recent evidence unearthed in the family archives by the current Duchess of Medina Sidona disputes this view. Instead, it suggests that Guzman El Bueno was actually a Muslim, and may have been born in the Moorish territories across the Straits of Gibraltar.

The branch to which the dukes of Medina Sidonia belonged was founded by Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (1256-1309), surnamed El Bueno, the good, in the sense of good at need, or stout-hearted. In 1296 he defended the town of Tarifa on behalf of Ferdinand IV, and when the besiegers threatened to murder one of his sons whom they held as a prisoner if he did not surrender, he allowed the boy to be killed. He was rewarded by great grants of crown land. The ducal title was conferred by John II in 1445 on one of his descendants, Juan Alonzo de Guzmán, count of Niebla. The addition "El Bueno" to the family name of Guzmán was used by several of the house, which included many statesmen, generals and colonial viceroys.

Luisa de Guzman (1613-1666), eldest daughter of the 8th Duke of Medina-Sidonia, became queen-consort of Portugal when her husband John, Duke of Braganza became John IV, the first King of Portugal of the House of Braganza.

The style of address is normally "Your Excellency".

[edit] Dukes and Duchesses of Medina Sidonia (1445)

Don Juan Alfonso de Guzman El Bueno, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia (1410-1468)
Don Enrique de Guzman El Bueno, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1492)
Don Juan Alfonso Perez de Guzman El Bueno, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia (1464-1507)
Don Enrique de Guzman El Bueno, 4th Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1512)
Don Alfonso Perez de Guzman El Bueno, 5th Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1549)
Don Juan Alfonso Perez de Guzman El Bueno, 6th Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1559)
Don Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1549-1615) Admiral of the Armada
Don Juan Manuel de Guzman El Bueno, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1579-1636)
Don Gaspare Alfonso de Guzman El Bueno, 9th Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1664)
Don Gaspar Juan Perez de Guzman El Bueno, 10th Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1667)
Don Juan Claros de Guzman El Bueno, 11th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1642-1713)
Don Manuel de Guzman El Bueno, 12th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1671-1721)
Don Domingo José Carlos de Guzman El Bueno, 13th Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1739)
Don Pedro de Alcantara Alonso Perez de Guzman El Bueno, 14th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1724-1779)
Don José Álvarez de Toledo, 15th Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1796)
Don Francisco de Borja Álvarez de Toledo, 16th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1763-1821)
Don Pedro de Alcantara Álvarez de Toledo Palafox, 17th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1803-1867)
Don Joaquin Álvarez de Toledo, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1865-1915)
Don Joaquin Álvarez de Toledo, 19th Duke of Medina Sidonia (1894-1955)
Doña Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 20th Duchess of Medina Sidonia (b. 1936)