Doune Castle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Doune Castle is an imposing Medieval castle in the Stirling district of central Scotland, sited on a wooded bend where a tributary joins the River Teith, across a bridge from the village of Doune. It lies 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Stirling where the River Teith flows into the River Forth. Upstream, 8 miles (13 km) further north-west the town of Callander lies at the edge of the Trossachs mountain region of the Scottish highlands. It can be found at grid reference NN728010.
The site is defended on three sides by the ground sloping steeply down to the rivers, and the approach from the north is defended by earthworks. The castle is entered through a narrow gateway and a 46 ft (14 m) long vaulted passageway that leads to a large central courtyard. Off this, steps lead up to the Great hall which is connected by arched servery hatches and a door to the massive kitchen. An enclosed staircase from the courtyard reaches the timber panelled Lord's hall and other apartments, which all together give a vivid impression of life in a medieval castle.
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[edit] History
The castle was largely built at the end of the 14th century by Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany, brother of King Robert III (1390-1406). The King being deemed unfit to rule due to poor health, Albany governed Scotland as effective regent from 1388. The King's eldest son, in Albany's custody, died in mysterious circumstances in 1402. On Albany's death in 1420 control of the country and the Castle passed to his son, Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (1362-1425), but when King James I (1406-37) returned in 1424 from captivity in England, Murdoch was imprisoned for treason then beheaded.
Doune Castle then became a royal retreat and hunting lodge for the Scottish monarchs, including Mary Queen of Scots (1542-67).
In 1570 Sir James Stewart, the first Lord Doune, was granted possession of Doune by James VI (1567-1625). Lord Doune's grandson became the Earl of Moray by marrying the Regent Moray's daughter, and the Earls of Moray have owned it ever since.
During the Jacobite Rising of 1745 Doune Castle became a prison for government supporters captured by the Jacobites, some of whom including the author John Home escaped by knotting together bedsheets and climbing from the kitchen window. Another prisoner was a Scottish minister John Witherspoon who later moved to the American colonies and became a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence. Earlier in 1607 another minister the Rev John Munro of Tain, a dissenter against the religious plans of James VI, was also imprisoned with a fellow minister at Doune, though he escaped with the contrivence of the then Constable of the castle (who was subsequently imprisoned for aiding the dissenters).
The castle is maintained by Historic Scotland and is open to the public (entrance charge) [1].
[edit] Doune castle in fiction
[edit] Waverley
In Walter Scott's first novel Waverley the protagonist Edward Waverley is under government escort when he is rescued by Highlanders, rushed across country and brought to Doune castle. Although the road is now tarmac, the village is pleasant rather than mean and the bridge is a bit wider and less ancient, the description is still good today;
- On the opposite bank of the river, and partly surrounded by a winding of its stream, stood a large and massive castle, the half-ruined turrets of which were already glittering in the first rays of the sun. It was in form an oblong square, of size sufficient to contain a large court in the centre. The towers at each angle of the square rose higher than the walls of the building, and were in their turn surmounted by turrets, differing in height and irregular in shape. Upon one of these a sentinel watched, whose bonnet and plaid, streaming in the wind, declared him to be a Highlander, as a broad white ensign, which floated from another tower, announced that the garrison was held by the insurgent adherents of the House of Stuart.
- Passing hastily through a small and mean town, where their appearance excited neither surprise nor curiosity in the few peasants whom the labours of the harvest began to summon from their repose, the party crossed an ancient and narrow bridge of several arches, and, turning to the left up an avenue of huge old sycamores, Waverley found himself in front of the gloomy yet picturesque structure which he had admired at a distance. A huge iron-grated door, which formed the exterior defence of the gateway, was already thrown back to receive them; and a second, heavily constructed of oak and studded thickly with iron nails, being next opened, admitted them into the interior court-yard. A gentleman, dressed in the Highland garb and having a white cockade in his bonnet, assisted Waverley to dismount from his horse, and with much courtesy bid him welcome to the castle.
[edit] Monty Python and the Holy Grail
When Monty Python and the Holy Grail was filmed on location in Scotland in 1974, the producers had gained permission from the National Trust for Scotland to film scenes at several of their Scottish castles, as well as the permission of the (private) owner of Doune Castle (using a different location for each of the fictional castles shown in the film). As the date of filming neared, managers at the Trust became skittish and withdrew their permission to film at their properties, leaving the Pythons' producers with little time to find new locations. In desperation, they decided to use different sides of Doune Castle to depict the different castles in the film, relying on rather tight framing of shots to maintain the illusion.
- At the start of the film King Arthur and Patsy "ride" up (clip-clopping coconut shells) to the walls of Doune castle to ask for men to join Arthur's court, but a soldier on the battlements gets them into an argument as to how the king acquired coconuts in a temperate zone, and whether a swallow could have brought the coconut. Later, their dream of (only a model) Camelot is illustrated by the Knights of the Round Table doing a song and dance routine in the Great hall. Then John Cleese shouts down abuse in an outrageous French accent and cows etc. are hurled from the battlement, followed by a failed wooden rabbit of Troy trick.
- Shortly afterwards at "Castle Anthrax" Sir Galahad the chaste is chased by seductive "girlies" in Doune Castle's servery and kitchen.
- An arranged marriage in a room at Doune Castle ("Swamp Castle") turns to mayhem when Lancelot arrives, attacking guards and guests on his way past a wedding dance in the courtyard and up the steps to the room.
- The exception is at the end of the film, when Arthur and the knights get more outrageous French abuse from the battlements of Castle Stalker.
Doune Castle has become a place of pilgrimage for Monty Python devotees [2], who can walk about the castle recalling scenes from the film, sometimes with the aid of coconut shells from the custodian. Re-enactments go through slightly mangled versions of the plot. The special DVD version of Monty Python and the Holy Grail includes a documentary with Michael Palin and Terry Jones revisiting the sites used for filming, with suitable emphasis on Doune Castle.
