Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo
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"Jumong" or "Chumong" redirects here. For the historical drama, see Jumong (TV series).
| Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo | |
|---|---|
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul: | 동명성왕 or 동명왕 |
| Hanja: | 東明聖王 or 東明王 |
| Revised Romanization: | Dongmyeong-seongwang or Dongmyeong-wang |
| McCune-Reischauer: | Tongmyŏng-sŏngwang or Tongmyŏng-wang |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul: | 고주몽 or 추모 |
| Hanja: | 高朱蒙 or 鄒牟 |
| Revised Romanization: | Go Jumong or Chumo |
| McCune-Reischauer: | Ko Chumong or Ch'umo |
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King Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo (58 - 19 BCE, r. 37 – 19 BCE), also known by his birth name Jumong, was the founding monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, he is recorded as Jumong, with the surname Go. The Samguk Sagi states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (상해, 象解). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (추몽, 鄒蒙), Jungmo (중모, 中牟 or 仲牟), or Domo (도모, 都牟).
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[edit] Mythical birth
The founding myth of Goguryeo are related in various ancient Korean and Chinese texts, including the Gwanggaeto stele. The best known version is found, with slight variations, in the Samguk Sagi, Samguk Yusa, and the Dongmyeongwangpyeon of the Dongguk Isanggukjip.
Jumong is described as the son of Hae Mosu (the son of heaven and founder of Buyeo) and Yuhwa (daughter of the river god Habaek). Hae Mosu met Yuhwa by a river where she was bathing, but Habaek disapproved of Hae Mosu, who returned to heaven. Habaek chased Yuhwa away to Ubalsu (우발수), where she met and became the concubine of King Geumwa of Dongbuyeo.
Yuwha was impregnated by sunlight and gave birth to an egg. Geumwa tried to destroy the egg, and tried to feed it to animals, who instead protected the egg from harm. Geumwa returned it to Yuhwa. From the egg hatched a baby boy, whom Yuhwa named Jumong, meaning "skilled archer."
[edit] Establishment of Goguryeo
Jumong was eventually forced to go over to Jolbon because Geumwa's sons were jealous of him. At the age of 21 or 22, he married Soseuno, a princess of Gaeru. Jumong united three chieftains of the Gaeru nation and four other tribes to establish Goguryo around 37 BCE.
He reigned peacefully over his kingdom and trained an army of 500 swordsman and 500 archers. In 36 BCE, Biryu asked for help against the invading Malgal. Jumong led his army of 1,000 and defeated the Malgal army of 3,000 men during that year. King Songyang of Biryu submitted to Jumong, and Biryu was annexed into Goguryeo. Six years later, Jumong conquered the state of Haeng-in (행인국) to the north. China's Han dynasty began to see Goguryo as a potential danger to its empire.
Jumong attacked and conquered North Okjeo during 33 BC, the 10th year of his reign. Shortly after the conquest of Okjeo, Jumong received a message from Emperor Geumwa of Dongbuyeo informing him of his mother's death. Jumong sent numerous gifts to Emperor Geumwa in gratitude for protecting his mother, and giving her a proper burial. Jumong ruled for nine years of peace and prosperity. He organized his kingdom and gave high ranks to all who had helped him from the start. Then, during 18 BC, the 19th year of his reign, he was greeted by two unexpected guests from Dongbuyeo. His first wife and their son Yuri had escaped from Buyeo and entered Goguryo. Jumong immediately made Yuri the Crown Prince. During this time, Jumong's other two sons by his second marriage voluntarily left Goguryo to establish new kingdoms.
[edit] Death and Succession
During the same year, Jumong died at the age of 41. Crown Prince Yuri buried his father in a pyramid tomb, and gave him the posthumous name.
[edit] Legacy
Jumong's kingdom of Goguryo eventually grew into a great regional power. Goguryo stood for 705 years and was ruled by a total of 28 kings until it was conquered by the Silla-Tang alliance. Balhae and Goryeo succeeded it, and the modern descendants of Jumong still bear his family name 'Go.'
[edit] Family
- Father: Haemosu, the founder of Bukbuyeo
- Mother: Yuhwa
- 1st Wife: Ye So-Yah
- Yuri (Emperor Yuri of Goguryeo), son of Jumong and Ye So-Yah
- 2nd Wife: Soseuno
- Biryu, 1st son of Wutae, the 1st husband of Soseuno
- Onjo (Emperor Onjo of Baekje), 2nd son of Wutae, the 1st husband of Soseuno
It has a korean drama that produce in the year 2006. This is entitled "Jumong" after the historical Prince Jumong.
