Dimethylethanolamine

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Dimethylethanolamine

Systematic name	2-(dimethylamino)ethanol
Other names	dimethylamino ethanol Deanol
Abbreviations	DMAE
Molecular formula	C₄H₁₁N O
Molar mass	89.14
CAS number	[108-01-0]
Density	0.89 g/mL
Melting point	-70
Boiling point	133-134
SMILES	CN(C)CCO
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Dimethylaminoethanol, also known as DMAE or dimethylethanolamine, is an organic compound. This compound also goes by the names of N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, beta-dimethylaminoethyl alcohol, beta-hydroxyethyldimethylamine and Deanol. It is a liquid with a color that ranges from clear to pale yellow.

Dimethylaminoethanol is used as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins. It is used to the synthesis of dyestuffs, textile auxiliaries, pharmaceuticals, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors. Also it is an additive to paint removers, boiler water, and amino resins.

Dimethylaminoethanol is related to choline and is a biochemical precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and found naturally in fishes like sardines and anchovies. It is reported to have nootropic effects, although research on this chemical has found both positive and negative potential results.

It is believed that dimethylaminoethanol is methylated to produce choline in the brain. It is known that dimethylaminoethanol is processed by the liver into choline; however, the choline molecule is charged and cannot pass the blood-brain barrier.

Short term studies show an increase in vigilance and alertness, with a positive influence on mood. Long term studies are equivocal. Some showed dimethylaminoethanol to increase the lifespan of animals in which it was tested, while others indicate a possible reduction in the average life span of quail. With the uncertainty of whether this could be extrapolated to humans, dimethylaminoethanol supplementation is not generally recommended. It is possible that dose is a major determining factor in the overall effects of dimethylaminoethanol - a high dose could produce the opposite effects than sought and contribute to life-shortening.

[edit] Studies

Earliest research

Pfeiffer C, et al. Stimulant effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol; possible precursor of brain acetylcholine. Science 126(3274):610-611, 1957. [1]

Mood/vigilance

Dimpfel W, Wedekind W, Keplinger I. Efficacy of dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) containing vitamin-mineral drug combination on EEG patterns in the presence of different emotional states. European Journal Medical Research 8(5):183-191, 2003. [2]

Lifespan

Cherkin A, Exkardt MJ. Effects of dimethylaminoethanol upon life-span and behavior of aged Japanese quail. Journal of Gerontology 32(1):38-45, 1977. [3]

As a treatment for tardive dyskinesia

Haug BA, Holzgraefe M. Orofacial and respiratory tardive dyskinesia: potential side effects of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol)? European Neurology 31(6):423–425, 1991. [4]

As an unsuccessful treatment for Alzheimer's disease

Fisman M, Mersky H, Helmes E. Double-blind trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry 138(7):970–972, 1981. [5]

Precursor to choline

Zahniser NR, Chou D, Hanin I. Is 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) indeed a precursor of brain acetylcholine? A gas chromatographic evaluation. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 200(3):545–559, 1977. [6]