Dillenburg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 50°44′N 8°17′E

Dillenburg
Country	Germany
State	Hesse
Administrative region	Gießen
District	Lahn-Dill-Kreis
Population	24,533 (31/12/2004)
Area	83.88 km²
Population density	292 /km²
Elevation	233 m
Coordinates	50°44′ N 8°17′ E
Postal code	35661–35690 (old: 6340)
Area code	02771
Licence plate code	LDK
Mayor	Michael Lotz (CDU)
Website	Stadt Dillenburg

Dillenburg is a town in Hesse's Gießen region in Germany. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis.

The town lies on the German-Dutch holiday road called the Oranier-Route, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the House of Orange.

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Location 1.2 Neighbouring communities 1.3 Constituent communities 1.3.1 Eibach 1.3.2 Manderbach 1.3.3 Niederscheld 2 History 2.1 Eibach 2.2 Manderbach 2.3 Population development 3 Coat of arms 4 Culture and sightseeing 4.1 Museums 4.2 Buildings 4.3 Parks 4.4 Hiking trails 4.5 Regular events 4.6 Other 5 Economy and infrastructure 5.1 Transport 5.2 Established businesses 5.3 Media 5.4 Public institutions 5.5 Education 6 Personalities 6.1 Söhne und Töchter der Stadt 6.2 People who worked in Dillenburg 7 External links 8 Reference

[edit] Geography

[edit] Location

Dillenburg lies on the eastern edge of the Westerwald range in the narrow valley of the river Dill, which flows from Hesse-Westphalia border to Wetzlar, emptying into the Lahn.

Downtown Dillenburg

View of the town looking north from the Wilhelmsturm

View of the town looking south from the same vantage point

Dillenburg-Manderbach

[edit] Neighbouring communities

Dillenburg borders in the north on the community of Eschenburg, in the east on the community of Siegbach, in the south on the town of Herborn, and the community of Breitscheid, and in the west on the town of Haiger (all in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis).

[edit] Constituent communities

Dillenburg is divided into the centres of Donsbach, Eibach, Frohnhausen, Manderbach, Nanzenbach, Niederscheld and Oberscheld.

[edit] Eibach

Eibach has some 1,450 inhabitants.

The village, whose livelihood was once based on mining, lies among the other constituent communities of Nanzenbach, Oberscheld and Niederscheld. Its healing spring, whose water is heavy with iron, makes the village a favourite among locals. At Eastertime, it is decorated.

[edit] Manderbach

Manderbach lies on a sunny plateau 3 km north of the main town of Dillenburg.

Panoramic views over Manderbach

[edit] Niederscheld

Niederscheld is a village with about 3000 inhabitants, lying 2 km from the main town of Dillenburg. The name comes from a small brook called the Schelde that rises between Oberscheld and Tringenstein, and empties into the Dill at Niederscheld. The village's greatest hallmarks are the old blast furnace and the Adolfshütte industrial park. Towards the end of the Second World War, the village suffered comparatively heavy damage from Allied air raids.

[edit] History

Dillenburg had its first documentary mention in 1254. Dillenburg was the ancestral seat of the Orange branch of the House of Nassau. Dillenburg Castle was build on top of the peak now called the Schlossberg in the late 13th or early 14th century. There are no pictures of this castle, however, as it was wooden, and was destroyed in the Dernbach Feud.

From his stately home in exile, William I of Orange-Nassau, who was born in Dillenburg, organized the Dutch resistance against Spain (1567-1572), which still occasions regular Dutch royal visits to the town to this day. The land was administered by the presidents of the House of Nassau-Dillenburg. One of the last presidents was Georg Ernst Ludwig Freiherr von Preuschen von und zu Liebenstein (born 1727 in Diethardt; died 1794 in Bad Ems). In the Seven Years' War, the stately home was destroyed (1760), and Wilhelmstraße (a street) was built out of the remains. In 1875, the Wilhelmsturm (tower), views from which can be seen in this article, was completed on the Schlossberg. It is today the town's landmark. The "casemates" under the former stately home are among the biggest defensive works in Europe. They have been partly excavated and may be toured.

In the 19th century came the Industrial Revolution with the building of the Gießen-Cologne railway line – called the Sieg-Dill line – and the use of iron ore found on the Lahn, Dill and Sieg. Many mines, foundries and metalworking operations came into being in the region. In this time, many railway branchlines were built from Dillenburg to, among other places, Gönnern and Ewersbach. These lines have all been abandoned now. The line to Gönnern was abandoned in 1987 and torn up. The railway depot, so useful in the time of steam traction, was shut down in 1983.

In the Second World War, Dillenburg became a target of Allied attacks with its now closed marshalling yard. Ore mining became ever less profitable and in 1968, the last blast furnace, in Oberscheld, ceased operations.

[edit] Eibach

Eibach's history began in "Nassau times" in the 13th century. In 1313, the village had its first documentary mention. In the Second World War, it was left unscathed. In 2004, the healing spring was renovated, and a brineworks was built.

[edit] Manderbach

Manderbach had its first documentary mention in 1225, making it older than the main town of Dillenburg (1254). The two former villages – nowadays parts of Dillenburg – Frohnhausen and Manderbach, had much in common in their early history. Here the two noble families von Hunsbach and von Selbach both held sway. As in Frohnhausen, there was also a great fire in Manderbach – albeit 148 years before Frohnhausen's – which, having been started by a lightning strike, burnt 38 houses down within an hour and a half on 29 April 1630.

[edit] Population development

(in each case on 31 December)

• 1998 - 25,053
• 1999 - 25,124
• 2000 - 25,092
• 2001 - 25,017
• 2002 - 24,923
• 2003 - 24,681
• 2004 - 24,533

[edit] Coat of arms

The oldest town seals, dating from the 15th to 19th centuries, show the same composition as Dillenburg's current civic coat of arms. The arms were conferred officially in 1907 and confirmed in 1934. The lion inside the gateway is the Lion of Nassau. [1]

[edit] Culture and sightseeing

[edit] Museums

• Wilhelmsturm (tower) with the Orange-Nassau Museum
• "Villa Grün" museum of economic history
• The "Casemates", old defensive structures.
• Hessisches Landgestüt ( ≈ Hessian State Stud Farm) with coach museum in the Orangery. "Living Museum" about the horse.

[edit] Buildings

• Wilhelmsturm (tower) built in 1872 - 1875
• The "Casemates", old defensive structures.from the 16th century
• The Evangelische Town Church from 1491
• The Dillturm (tower) from 1597
• The old rectory from 1531 - 1533
• The Untertor (Lower Gate) from 1344 (alterations in 1594 and 1737)
• Manderbach Church

[edit] Parks

In Donsbach is a wildlife park.

[edit] Hiking trails

The following trails go through or begin in Dillenburg:

• The Rothaarsteig from Dillenburg to Brilon
• The Schlösserweg from Dillenburg to Düsseldorf -Benrath
• The Dillweg from Haiger to Wetzlar
• The Uplandweg from Dillenburg to Salzkotten

[edit] Regular events

• Jazz-Weekend, in June
• Kirschenmarkt (cherry market), in June
• Aquarena-Nacht, in July
• Hubertus-Markt, in October
• Hengstparade des Hessischen Landgestüts (stallion parade)
• Maypole Festival in Eibach, at the beginning of May
• Rocknacht music festival in Eibach, in summer.

[edit] Other

• Brineworks and healing spring, Eibach

[edit] Economy and infrastructure

[edit] Transport

In 2007, the bypass on Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B277 will open. It is a tunnel under the Schlossberg bypassing the historic Old Town with its half-timbered houses, and it is one of Germany's biggest tunnel projects.

[edit] Established businesses

• Deutsche Post AG
• E.ON Mitte (OT Oberscheld)
• INDEN Design
• Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG
• Weber Kunststofftechnik
• Linde & Wiemann
• ThyssenKrupp Nirosta Dillenburg Works
• Ströher-Keramik
• Volksbank Dill eG
• Erodiertechnik Brandt & Gräbe GbR
• TSR Recycling GmbH & Co. KG Dillenburg Branch

[edit] Media

• Dill-Post
• Dill-Zeitung

[edit] Public institutions

• Police station
• Fire brigade
• Dill-Kliniken (hospital)
• Deaconate
• German Red Cross Dillkreis chapter
• Lahn-Dill Youth Office
• Lahn-Dill Jugendbildungswerk
• Lebenshilfe for the mentally handicapped Kreisvereinigung für den ehem. Dillkreis e.V. (District association for the former Dill district)
• Lahn-Dill Social Office

[edit] Education

• Juliane-von-Stolberg-Schule (primary school)
• Johann-von-Nassau-Schule (Haupt- and Realschule)
• Wilhelm-von-Oranien-Schule (Gymnasium)
• Gewerbliche Schulen (vocational school)
• Kaufmännische Schulen (vocational school)
• Otfried-Preußler-Schule für Praktisch Bildbare (special school)
• 4 kindergartens (Evangelical, Catholic, municipal, Arbeiterwohlfahrt [German workers' welfare])
• Goldbachschule (Haupt- and Realschule)
• Schelderwald-Schule (primary school and Hauptschule)
• Roteberg-Schule (primary school)
• Lahn-Dill-Akademie (Folk high school)

[edit] Personalities

[edit] Söhne und Töchter der Stadt

• Otfried Hans Freiherr von Meusebach alias John O. Meusebach (1812-1897), founder of Fredericksburg, Texas and Texas Senator
• Karl Heinz Gasser, German politician
• Maria Kliegel, German cellist
• Rolf Krenzer, writer of children's books and composer
• Moritz von Nassau, Dutch field marshal, called the Brasilianer ("Brazilian")
• Ernst Casimir van Nassau-Dietz, ancestor of Kings of the Netherlands
• John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg, German aristocrat
• Maurice_of_Nassau (Also known as Maurits van Oranje-Nassau/Moritz von Oranien), Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel, also Prince of Orange
• William I of Orange-Nassau, leader in the Dutch war of independence against Spain
• Prof. Dr. Melanie Tatur, German political scientist and sociologist
• Wilhelm Zepper, reformed theologian; court chaplain and professor in Herborn

[edit] People who worked in Dillenburg

• Georg Ludwig Hartig worked from 1797 to 1806 as state forest superintendant in Dillenburg
• Maximilian Mörlin Evangelical theologian and reformer

[edit] External links

• Dillenburg
• Website about Dillenburg railway station and railway guide line 445
• Dillenburg fire station
• Dillenburg at the Open Directory Project

[edit] Reference

This article is based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia.