Dendrogram
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A dendrogram is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm (see cluster analysis). Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes.
For a clustering example, suppose this data is to be clustered using euclidean distance as the distance metric.
The hierarchical clustering dendrogram would be as such:
Here the top row of nodes represent data, and the remaining nodes represent the clusters to which the data belong, and the arrows represent the distance.