Dead arm (grapes)

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Dead-arm, sometimes grape canker is a disease of grapes caused by a deep-seated wood rot of the arms or trunk of the grapevine. As the disease progresses over several years, one or more arms may die, hence the name "deadarm". Eventually the whole vine will die. In the 1970s, dead-arm was identified as really being two diseases, caused by two different fungi, Eutypa lata and Phomopsis viticola.

[edit] Eutypa dieback

Eutypa dieback is caused by Eutypa lata (synonym: Eutypa armeniacae) which infects fresh pruning wounds when there is adequate moisture on the vine, such a just after a rain. The fungus also attacks many other hosts such as Cherry trees, most other Prunus species, as well as apples, pears and walnuts.

[edit] Phomopsis leaf

Phomopsis leaf, also called Cane spot or Fruit rot disease, is caused by Phomopsis viticola.

[edit] External links

• Lecomte, Pascal (October 2000) "PCR Assays that Identify the Grapevine Dieback Fungus Eutypa lata" Applied Environonmental Microbiology 66(10): pp. 4475–4480;
• "An Online Guide to Plant Disease Control: Grape: Eutypa Dieback" Oregon State University Extension;
• Ramsdell, D.C. (October 1994) "Common Diseases of the Grapevine in Michigan" Fruit IPM Extension Bulletin MSUE Bulletin E-1732, Michigan State University Extension;
• "Eutypa Dieback of Grape" Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet HYG-3203-95;
• Munkvold, G. P. (2001) "Eutypa dieback of grapevine and apricot" Plant Health Progress Online doi:10.1094/PHP-2001-0219-01-DG;
• EPPO Standards: Good plant protection practice: Grapevine PP 2/23(1), 2002, Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 32: pp. 367-392;
• Winter, Mick (July 2000) "Eutypa Dieback: The Next Grapevine Threat is Already Here" Wine Business Monthly 7(7):;