Dandy waggon
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The dandy waggon is a type of railroad car used to carry horses on gravity trains.[1] They are particularly associated with the narrow gauge Ffestiniog Railway (FfR) in Wales where they were used between the 1836 and 1863.
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[edit] The Challenge
The challenge on the FfR was to move slate from an elevated location to a harbour for shipping, in this case from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Porthmadog, Wales [2]. In 2006 this is a 28 minute drive over 11.9 miles (19.1 kilometers)[3] in 1832 it was a remote mountain area. The railway was laid on an average grade of about 1 in 80. Trains running downhill were powered by gravity, with 3 stops. The total journey time was about an hour an half. Trains were moved uphill by horses until 1863, the journey taking almost 6 hours[4].
[edit] Horse dandies
George Stephenson is credited for having proposed a solution; Build special cars for the horses to ride in on the way down for use on the Stockton & Darlington Railway which was opened in 1825 [5]. On the FfR this gave the horses a chance to eat and rest on the way down and after the slate cars were unloaded fresh horses were available to haul the cars back to the top. On other railways the down hill horse haulage was generally shorter occurring only along some areas of the track, but still allowed the horses a rest before going back to work.
Other names for horse carrying cars are “dandy cart” and “dandy truck” [6] they all refer to a vehicle on a horse worked railway that a horse pulls to the top of the hill and a horse rides down the hill in. The term “dandy cart” is also used to refer to horse drawn passenger trains on occasion. [7]
[edit] Horse Drawn Trains
Almost all early railways used horses as the motive power for trains before the invention of the steam locomotive.
The Ballocheney Railway used a “dandy-cart” on the two “Ballochney Inclines” each having a grade of around 1 in 23 for distances of about 1000 yards. A descending train was connected by rope and pulley to an ascending train the weight of the down hill train pulled the up hill train up the hill [8].
The unique geography of the Ffestiniog Railway may have had some impact on allowing this imaginative solution to be applied to a large percentage of its total haulage; a relatively long section of track, running exclusively between two points, where a relatively constant and continuous down hill grade could be maintained.
[edit] Ffestiniog Railway
The Ffestiniog Railway was incorporated by an act of parliament on May 23, 1832. James Spooner was appointed engineer. Slate trains ran from Blaenau Ffestiniog on a 1 ft 111⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow gage rail to the Porthmadog harbour on the Irish Sea coast. In 1863 Charles Easton Spooner, the son of James Spooner, introduced steam locomotives built by the George England Co. and thus ended the use of dandy waggons on Ffestiniog and began "sanctioned" passenger service [9].
[edit] Another proposal for dandy waggons
In 1828 Alfred Pocock, who was developing a non-rail horseless carriage propelled by a kite(s), proposed on a particular trip that the kite carriage should tow a dandy-cart to carry a pony in the event of the wind being unfavorable. [10]
[edit] Other Dandy Wagons
The term Dandy Wagon (regionally correct spelling) referred to a horse drawn private buggy used in America during the 1800s.[11]
[edit] References
- ^ Shaw, Frederic Joseph (1958). Little Railways of the World. Howell-North, 75 to 79.
- ^ Ffestiniog Railway web site history article.
- ^ Google Maps.
- ^ Johnson, Peter (ed.) (1986). Festiniog Railway Gravity Trains. Festiniog Railway Heritage Group. ISBN 0949022004.
- ^ National Railway Museum article on Stephenson's dandy waggon.
- ^ Railway terminology dictionary.
- ^ Science and Society article.
- ^ Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway article.
- ^ Train Net article on the Ffestiniog Railway.
- ^ Article on Alfred Pocock.
- ^ Keagy, Franklin (1899). A History of the Kägy Relationship in America. Harrisburg Pub. Co., 610.
