Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques

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Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (Arabic خادم الحرمين), a historical term, was a pious title taken by some Caliphs.

It is most known today as the title taken by the King of Saudi Arabia in his role as protector of the two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Madinah (the third being Jerusalem), which had traditionally been the role of the Caliph (but soon the caliphate was to lose political control over the Arabian peninsula), later falling to the Grand Sharif of Mecca.

The first Saudi king to assume the title was Fahd bin Abdul Aziz. The current king, Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, has taken the same title after the death of King Fahd.

Some have claimed that this term was created by the Saudi monarchy so that it could try to replace the Caliphate. Opponents of the Saudi regime and Wahhabism claim that the Saudi monarch did not declare himself the Caliph because Saudis follow the Wahhabi sect of Islam, and such a move would thus be rejected by most Muslims.